» Articles » PMID: 37590469

OSWG Recommended Approaches to the Nonclinical Pharmacokinetic (ADME) Characterization of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides

Abstract

This white paper summarizes the recommendations of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) Subcommittee of the Oligonucleotide Safety Working Group for the characterization of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics in nonclinical studies. In general, the recommended approach is similar to that for small molecule drugs. However, some differences in timing and/or scope may be warranted due to the greater consistency of results across ON classes as compared with the diversity among small molecule classes. For some types of studies, a platform-based approach may be appropriate; once sufficient data are available for the platform, presentation of these data should be sufficient to support development of additional ONs of the same platform. These recommendations can serve as a starting point for nonclinical study design and foundation for discussions with regulatory agencies.

References
1.
Baek M, Yu R, Gaus H, Grundy J, Geary R . In vitro metabolic stabilities and metabolism of 2'-O-(methoxyethyl) partially modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides in preincubated rat or human whole liver homogenates. Oligonucleotides. 2010; 20(6):309-16. DOI: 10.1089/oli.2010.0252. View

2.
Kazmi F, Yerino P, McCoy C, Parkinson A, Buckley D, Ogilvie B . An Assessment of the In Vitro Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases, and Transporters by Phosphodiester- or Phosphorothioate-Linked Oligonucleotides. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018; 46(8):1066-1074. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081729. View

3.
Takakusa H, Iwazaki N, Nishikawa M, Yoshida T, Obika S, Inoue T . Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Typical Profiles, Evaluation Approaches, and Points to Consider Compared with Small Molecule Drugs. Nucleic Acid Ther. 2023; 33(2):83-94. PMC: 10066781. DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0054. View

4.
Humphreys S, Davis J, Iqbal S, Kamel A, Kulmatycki K, Lao Y . Considerations and recommendations for assessment of plasma protein binding and drug-drug interactions for siRNA therapeutics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022; 50(11):6020-6037. PMC: 9226521. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac456. View

5.
Gaus H, Gupta R, Chappell A, Ostergaard M, Swayze E, Seth P . Characterization of the interactions of chemically-modified therapeutic nucleic acids with plasma proteins using a fluorescence polarization assay. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 47(3):1110-1122. PMC: 6379706. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1260. View