Empowering Canonical Biochemicals with Cross-linked Novelty: Recursions in Applications of Protein Cross-links

Overview

Journal Proteins

Date 2023 Aug 17

PMID 37589191

Authors

Jinam Ravindra Bora

Radhakrishnan Mahalakshmi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diversity in the biochemical workhorses of the cell-that is, proteins-is achieved by the innumerable permutations offered primarily by the 20 canonical L-amino acids prevalent in all biological systems. Yet, proteins are known to additionally undergo unusual modifications for specialized functions. Of the various post-translational modifications known to occur in proteins, the recently identified non-disulfide cross-links are unique, residue-specific covalent modifications that confer additional structural stability and unique functional characteristics to these biomolecules. We review an exclusive class of amino acid cross-links encompassing aromatic and sulfur-containing side chains, which not only confer superior biochemical characteristics to the protein but also possess additional spectroscopic features that can be exploited as novel chromophores. Studies of their in vivo reaction mechanism have facilitated their specialized in vitro applications in hydrogels and protein anchoring in monolayer chips. Furthering the discovery of unique canonical cross-links through new chemical, structural, and bioinformatics tools will catalyze the development of protein-specific hyperstable nanostructures, superfoods, and biotherapeutics.

References

Ouyang Y, Wu Q, Li J, Sun S, Sun S . S-adenosylmethionine: A metabolite critical to the regulation of autophagy. Cell Prolif. 2020; 53(11):e12891. PMC: 7653241. DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12891. View

Pittayapruek P, Meephansan J, Prapapan O, Komine M, Ohtsuki M . Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016; 17(6). PMC: 4926402. DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060868. View

Wensien M, Rabe von Pappenheim F, Funk L, Kloskowski P, Curth U, Diederichsen U . A lysine-cysteine redox switch with an NOS bridge regulates enzyme function. Nature. 2021; 593(7859):460-464. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03513-3. View

Kahn A, Boivin P, Rubinson H, Cottreau D, Marie J, DREYFUS J . Modifications of purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and other enzymes by a factor of low molecular weight abundant in some leukemic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976; 73(1):77-81. PMC: 335842. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.1.77. View

Yamada K, Tabata Y, Yamamoto K, Miyamoto S, Nagata I, Kikuchi H . Potential efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor incorporated in biodegradable hydrogels for skull bone regeneration. J Neurosurg. 1997; 86(5):871-5. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1997.86.5.0871. View

Millon L, Wan W . The polyvinyl alcohol-bacterial cellulose system as a new nanocomposite for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006; 79(2):245-53. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30535. View

Vasan S, Foiles P, Founds H . Therapeutic potential of breakers of advanced glycation end product-protein crosslinks. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003; 419(1):89-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.08.016. View

Benjdia A, Decamps L, Guillot A, Kubiak X, Ruffie P, Sandstrom C . Insights into the catalysis of a lysine-tryptophan bond in bacterial peptides by a SPASM domain radical -adenosylmethionine (SAM) peptide cyclase. J Biol Chem. 2017; 292(26):10835-10844. PMC: 5491770. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.783464. View

Heidary M, Kaviar V, Shirani M, Ghanavati R, Motahar M, Sholeh M . A Comprehensive Review of the Protein Subunit Vaccines Against COVID-19. Front Microbiol. 2022; 13:927306. PMC: 9329957. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927306. View

10.

Ter Huurne G, Voets I, Palmans A, Meijer E . Effect of Intra- versus Intermolecular Cross-Linking on the Supramolecular Folding of a Polymer Chain. Macromolecules. 2018; 51(21):8853-8861. PMC: 6236471. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01623. View

11.

Buchert J, Ercili Cura D, Ma H, Gasparetti C, Monogioudi E, Faccio G . Crosslinking food proteins for improved functionality. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2011; 1:113-38. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.food.080708.100841. View

12.

Bora J, Mahalakshmi R . Photoradical-Mediated Catalyst-Independent Protein Cross-Link with Unusual Fluorescence Properties. Chembiochem. 2023; 24(17):e202300380. PMC: 7615464. DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300380. View

13.

Bornstein P . The cross-linking of collagen and elastin and its inhibition in osteolathyrism. Is there a relation to the aging process?. Am J Med. 1970; 49(4):429-35. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(70)80036-5. View

14.

Martinie R, Godakumbura P, Porter E, Divakaran A, Burkhart B, Wertz J . Identifying proteins that can form tyrosine-cysteine crosslinks. Metallomics. 2012; 4(10):1037-42, 1008. DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20093g. View

15.

Ferguson-Miller S, Babcock G . Heme/Copper Terminal Oxidases. Chem Rev. 1996; 96(7):2889-2908. DOI: 10.1021/cr950051s. View

16.

Caruso A, Martinie R, Bushin L, Seyedsayamdost M . Macrocyclization via an Arginine-Tyrosine Crosslink Broadens the Reaction Scope of Radical -Adenosylmethionine Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc. 2019; 141(42):16610-16614. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09210. View

17.

Risteli J, Kivirikko K . Intracellular enzymes of collagen biosynthesis in rat liver as a function of age and in hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine. Changes in prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase.... Biochem J. 1976; 158(2):361-7. PMC: 1163978. DOI: 10.1042/bj1580361. View

18.

Martins I, Matos M, Costa R, Silva F, Pascoal A, Estevinho L . Transglutaminases: recent achievements and new sources. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014; 98(16):6957-64. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5894-1. View

19.

Dill K, MacCallum J . The protein-folding problem, 50 years on. Science. 2012; 338(6110):1042-6. DOI: 10.1126/science.1219021. View

20.

Buckingham R . Cross-links in protein from cataractous lenses. Biochem J. 1971; 124(5):54P-55P. PMC: 1177313. DOI: 10.1042/bj1240054pb. View