Exploring Biomarkers of Mental Flexibility in Healthy Aging: A Computational Psychometric Study

Overview

Journal Sensors (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biotechnology

Date 2023 Aug 12

PMID 37571766

Authors

Francesca Borghesi

Alice Chirico

Elisa Pedroli

Giuseppina Elena Cipriani

Nicola Canessa

Martina Amanzio

Pietro Cipresso

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Mental flexibility (MF) has long been defined as cognitive flexibility. Specifically, it has been mainly studied within the executive functions domain. However, there has recently been increased attention towards its affective and physiological aspects. As a result, MF has been described as an ecological and cross-subject skill consisting of responding variably and flexibly to environmental cognitive-affective demands. Cross-sectional studies have mainly focused on samples composed of healthy individual and of patients with chronic conditions such as Mild Cognitive Impairment and Parkinson's, emphasizing their behavioral rigidity. Our study is the first to consider a sample of healthy older subjects and to outline physiological and psychological markers typical of mental flexibility, to identify functional biomarkers associated with successful aging. Our results reveal that biomarkers (respiratory and heart rate variability assessments) distinguished between individuals high vs. low in mental flexibility more reliably than traditional neuropsychological tests. This unveiled the multifaceted nature of mental flexibility composed of both cognitive and affective aspects, which emerged only if non-linear multi-variate analytic approaches, such as Supervised Machine Learning, were used.

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