Vitamin D Improves Hepatic Alterations in and Expression in Experimentally Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Overview

Journal Saudi Pharm J

Specialty Pharmacy

Date 2023 Aug 10

PMID 37559868

Authors

Sara Mohater

Samar Qahtan

Zienab Alrefaie

Ahlam Alahmadi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a term used to describe a cluster of pathophysiological, biochemical, and metabolic criteria; including high Blood Pressure (BP), high cholesterol, dyslipidaemia, central obesity and Insulin Resistance (IR). The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) has a regulatory function in BP, hydroelectrolyte balance, and cardiovascular function. RAS is composed of angiotensinogen (AGT), (Ang I), (Ang II), (ACE1), (ACE2), (AT1R), (AT2R), and (Ang 1-7). Vitamin D had been proved to act as a protective factor against MetS. Therefore, the study is pursued to explore vitamin D supplementation roles on hepatic RAS in MetS experimental model. At first, 36 males Albino rats were separated into 4 groups and induced to MetS under controlled circumstances for 3 months. Then, data were collected from blood samples, whereas RNA extracted from liver were analyzed using biochemical and statistical analysis tests. As a result, the major finding was proving that vitamin D can balance the expression of and . Also, confirming that it can improve MetS components by elevating HDL and insulin levels while reducing the levels of BP, cholesterol, LDL, TG, GLU, ALT, AST, and IR. These outcomes may give a new insight into the RAS pathways associated with MetS.

References

Li Y, Kong J, Wei M, Chen Z, Liu S, Cao L . 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest. 2002; 110(2):229-38. PMC: 151055. DOI: 10.1172/JCI15219. View

Kohno M, Takahashi S, Oida K, Suzuki J, Tamai T, Yamamoto T . 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces very low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA expression in HL-60 cells in association with monocytic differentiation. Atherosclerosis. 1997; 133(1):45-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00112-3. View

McCracken E, Monaghan M, Sreenivasan S . Pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2017; 36(1):14-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.004. View

Belhadj S, Dal S, Khaskhoussi F, Maillard-Pedracini E, Hentati O, Sigrist S . Anorexic and metabolic effect of jojoba: potential treatment against metabolic syndrome and hepatic complications. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2020; 17:24. PMC: 7106724. DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00441-3. View

Mabry R, Reeves M, Eakin E, Owen N . Gender differences in prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2010; 27(5):593-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02998.x. View

Lv L, Tan X, Peng X, Bai R, Xiao Q, Zou T . The relationships of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and vitamin D supplementation with Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener. 2020; 9(1):34. PMC: 7460797. DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00213-2. View

Jayasooriya A, Mathai M, Walker L, Begg D, Denton D, Cameron-Smith D . Mice lacking angiotensin-converting enzyme have increased energy expenditure, with reduced fat mass and improved glucose clearance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105(18):6531-6. PMC: 2373349. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802690105. View

Judd S, Tangpricha V . Vitamin D deficiency and risk for cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci. 2009; 338(1):40-4. PMC: 2851242. DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181aaee91. View

Filgueiras M, Suhett L, Silva M, Rocha N, de Novaes J . Lower vitamin D intake is associated with low HDL cholesterol and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in Brazilian children. Public Health Nutr. 2018; 21(11):2004-2012. PMC: 10260741. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018000204. View

10.

Paizis G, Tikellis C, Cooper M, Schembri J, Lew R, Smith A . Chronic liver injury in rats and humans upregulates the novel enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Gut. 2005; 54(12):1790-6. PMC: 1774784. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.062398. View

11.

Livak K, Schmittgen T . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2002; 25(4):402-8. DOI: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262. View

12.

Garrow J, Webster J . Quetelet's index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness. Int J Obes. 1985; 9(2):147-53. View

13.

Wang S, Zhang J, Zhu L, Song L, Meng Z, Jia Q . Association between liver function and metabolic syndrome in Chinese men and women. Sci Rep. 2017; 7:44844. PMC: 5357848. DOI: 10.1038/srep44844. View

14.

Ahmadian E, Pennefather P, Eftekhari A, Heidari R, Eghbal M . Role of renin-angiotensin system in liver diseases: an outline on the potential therapeutic points of intervention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016; 10(11):1279-1288. DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2016.1207523. View

15.

Wahba N, Ghareib S, Abdel-Ghany R, Abdel-Aal M, Alsemeh A . Renoprotective effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr. 2020; 60(1):299-316. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02249-6. View

16.

Tang H, Li D, Li Y, Zhang X, Song Y, Li X . Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis and Incident Diabetes among Nondiabetic Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Endocrinol. 2019; 2018:7908764. PMC: 6304827. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7908764. View

17.

Ren H, Wang J, Gao Y, Yang F, Huang W . Metabolic syndrome and liver-related events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019; 19(1):40. PMC: 6485158. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0366-3. View

18.

Cheng Q, Leung P . An update on the islet renin-angiotensin system. Peptides. 2011; 32(5):1087-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.03.003. View

19.

Lee J, Jeong S . What is the appropriate strategy for diagnosing NAFLD using ultrasonography in obese children?. World J Pediatr. 2017; 13(3):248-254. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-017-0008-7. View

20.

Chaudhuri J, Mridula K, Anamika A, Boddu D, Misra P, Lingaiah A . Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin d and dyslipidemia in Indian subjects. J Lipids. 2014; 2013:623420. PMC: 3880703. DOI: 10.1155/2013/623420. View