Possible High Risk of Transmission of the Nipah Virus in South and South East Asia: a Review

Overview

Journal Trop Med Health

Specialty Tropical Medicine

Date 2023 Aug 9

PMID 37559114

Authors

Jagadish Joshi

Yogendra Shah

Kishor Pandey

Ram Prashad Ojha

Chet Raj Joshi

Lok Raj Bhatt

Shyam Prakash Dumre

Pushpa Raj Acharya

Hem Raj Joshi

Shikha Rimal

Ramesh Shahi

Deepak Pokharel

Kamal Singh Khadka

Bimal Dahal

Saroj Nepal

Ram Singh Dhami

Krishna Prasad Pant

Rajdip Basnet

Basu Dev Pandey

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. NiV is a biosafety-level-4 pathogen that is mostly spread by Pteropus species, which serve as its natural reservoir host. NiV is one of the major public health challenges in South and South East Asia. However, few molecular studies have been conducted to characterise NiV in a specific region. The main objective of this review is to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular surveillance, transmission dynamics, genetic diversity, reservoir host, clinical characteristics, and phylogenetics of NiV. South and South East Asian nations have experienced NiV outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two primary clades of NiV are in circulation. In humans, NiV causes severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. NiV is mainly diagnosed by ELISA along with PCR. Therefore, we recommend that the governments of the region support the One Health approach to reducing the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in their respective countries.

Citing Articles

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