Advancement and Applications of Nanotherapy for Cancer Immune Microenvironment

Overview

Journal Curr Med Sci

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2023 Aug 9

PMID 37558863

Authors

Jun-Ju He

Qing-Qing Li

Chen Zhao

Jin Zhou

Jie Wu

Hui-bo Zhang

Ya-Qi Zhao

Hao-Han Zhang

Tian-Yu Lei

Xin-Yi Zhao

Zuo You

Qi-Bin Song

Bin Xu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cancer treatment has evolved rapidly due to major advances in tumor immunity research. However, due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors, the overall efficacy of immunotherapy is only 20%. In recent years, nanoparticles have attracted more attention in the field of cancer immunotherapy because of their remarkable advantages in biocompatibility, precise targeting, and controlled drug delivery. However, the clinical application of nanomedicine also faces many problems concerning biological safety, and the synergistic mechanism of nano-drugs with immunity remains to be elucidated. Our study summarizes the functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of nanoparticles in the cancer immune microenvironment and how nanoparticles activate and long-term stimulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Finally, the current problems and future development trends regarding the application of nanoparticles are fully discussed and prospected to promote the transformation and application of nanomedicine used in cancer treatment.

References

Xia C, Dong X, Li H, Cao M, Sun D, He S . Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chin Med J (Engl). 2022; 135(5):584-590. PMC: 8920425. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002108. View

Siegel R, Miller K, Fuchs H, Jemal A . Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022; 72(1):7-33. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21708. View

DeVita Jr V, Chu E . A history of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 2008; 68(21):8643-53. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6611. View

Chandra R, Keane F, Voncken F, Thomas Jr C . Contemporary radiotherapy: present and future. Lancet. 2021; 398(10295):171-184. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00233-6. View

Waldman A, Fritz J, Lenardo M . A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20(11):651-668. PMC: 7238960. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0306-5. View

Wang Z, Cao Y . Adoptive Cell Therapy Targeting Neoantigens: A Frontier for Cancer Research. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:176. PMC: 7066210. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00176. View

Saxena M, van der Burg S, Melief C, Bhardwaj N . Therapeutic cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Cancer. 2021; 21(6):360-378. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00346-0. View

Singh A, McGuirk J . CAR T cells: continuation in a revolution of immunotherapy. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(3):e168-e178. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30823-X. View

Postow M, Callahan M, Wolchok J . Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33(17):1974-82. PMC: 4980573. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.4358. View

10.

Bagchi S, Yuan R, Engleman E . Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer: Clinical Impact and Mechanisms of Response and Resistance. Annu Rev Pathol. 2020; 16:223-249. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042020-042741. View

11.

Petrosky E, Bocchini Jr J, Hariri S, Chesson H, Curtis C, Saraiya M . Use of 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64(11):300-4. PMC: 4584883. View

12.

Paz-Ares L, Ciuleanu T, Cobo M, Schenker M, Zurawski B, Menezes J . First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 9LA): an international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021; 22(2):198-211. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30641-0. View

13.

Hellmann M, Paz-Ares L, Bernabe Caro R, Zurawski B, Kim S, Carcereny Costa E . Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(21):2020-2031. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910231. View

14.

Hodi F, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob J, Rutkowski P, Cowey C . Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab alone in advanced melanoma (CheckMate 067): 4-year outcomes of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018; 19(11):1480-1492. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30700-9. View

15.

Hou A, Chen L, Chen Y . Navigating CAR-T cells through the solid-tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021; 20(7):531-550. DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00189-2. View

16.

Goldberg M . Improving cancer immunotherapy through nanotechnology. Nat Rev Cancer. 2019; 19(10):587-602. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0186-9. View

17.

Irvine D, Dane E . Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with nanomedicine. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20(5):321-334. PMC: 7536618. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0269-6. View

18.

Matsumura Y, Maeda H . A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. Cancer Res. 1986; 46(12 Pt 1):6387-92. View

19.

Iyer A, Khaled G, Fang J, Maeda H . Exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect for tumor targeting. Drug Discov Today. 2006; 11(17-18):812-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.07.005. View

20.

Wang J, Zhang B, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang H . Nanomedicine-Enabled Modulation of Tumor Hypoxic Microenvironment for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. Adv Ther (Weinh). 2021; 3(1). PMC: 8281934. DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900083. View