Combined Intermediate Cervical Plexus and Costoclavicular Block for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Prospective Feasibility Study

A combined cervical plexus and costoclavicular block provides effective shoulder analgesia without the risk of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. However, whether this technique can also provide effective anesthesia for shoulder surgery remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the feasibility and adverse effects of combined blocks in arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Fifty patients scheduled for arthroscopic shoulder surgery were prospectively enrolled. Intermediate cervical plexus (5 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine) and costoclavicular (20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine) blocks were administered under ultrasound guidance. The block procedure time, needle pass, patient discomfort, anesthesia quality, onset time, postoperative analgesia quality, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were assessed. Surgical and block success were achieved in 45 (90%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 78-97%) and 44 (88%; 95% CI, 76-95%) patients, respectively. Three patients required local anesthetic supplementation, and two required general anesthesia. The incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis was 12.0% (95% CI, 4.5-24.3%). Postoperative pain control was effective for the first 24 h postoperative. Neurological deficits were not observed. The patients reported a high level of satisfaction. This study revealed that a combined cervical plexus and costoclavicular block provided effective surgical anesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery with a 12% incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. Further randomized studies comparing this technique with interscalene block are required.