Polyester Resin and Graphite Flakes: Turning Conductive Ink to a Voltammetric Sensor for Paracetamol Sensing

Overview

Journal Mikrochim Acta

Specialties Biotechnology
Chemistry

Date 2023 Jul 26

PMID 37493852

Authors

Laisa C Oliveira

Danielly S Rocha

Habdias A Silva-Neto

Thaisa A C Silva

Wendell K T Coltro

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The development of a disposable electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) is described using a novel formulation of conductive ink that combines graphite powder, polyester resin, and acetone. As a proof of concept, the proposed sensor was utilized for paracetamol (PAR) sensing. The introduced ink was characterized via morphological, structural, and electrochemical analysis, and the results demonstrated appreciable analytical performance. The proposed ePAD provided linear behavior (R = 0.99) in the concentration range between 1 and 60 µmol L, a limit of detection of 0.2 µmol L, and satisfactory reproducibility (RSD ~ 7.7%, n = 5) applying a potential of + 0.81 V vs Ag at the working electrode. The quantification of PAR was demonstrated in different pharmaceutical formulations. The achieved concentrations revealed good agreement with the labeled values, acceptable accuracy (101% and 106%), and no statistical difference from the data obtained by HPLC at the 95% confidence level. The environmental impact of the new device was assessed using AGREE software, which determined a score of 0.85, indicating that it is eco-friendly. During the pharmacokinetic study of PAR, it was found that the drug has a maximum concentration of 23.58 ± 0.01 µmol L, a maximum time of 30 min, and a half-life of 2.15 h. These results are comparable to other studies that utilized HPLC. This suggests that the combination of graphite powder and polyester resin can transform conductive ink into an effective ePAD that can potentially be used in various pharmaceutical applications.

Citing Articles

Screen-Printing vs Additive Manufacturing Approaches: Recent Aspects and Trends Involving the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors.

Orzari L, Kalinke C, Silva-Neto H, Rocha D, Camargo J, Coltro W Anal Chem. 2025; 97(3):1482-1494.

PMID: 39817415 PMC: 11780578. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c05786.

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