Associations of Three Thermogenic Adipokines with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Non-obese Populations from the China Plateau: the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort

Overview

Journal BMJ Open

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2023 Jul 25

PMID 37491087

Authors

Zhimin Zhao

Juan Huang

Dubo Zhong

Yanjiao Wang

Zhuohang Che

Yahui Xu

Rudan Hong

Ying Qian

Qiong Meng

Jianzhong Yin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: High altitude exposure decreases the incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but increases the expression of the thermogenic adipokines (leptin, fat cell fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) and visfatin). This study investigated the correlation of these adipokines with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in populations residing in a plateau-specific environment.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: We cross-sectionally analysed data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort.

Participants: A total of 475 obese (OB, body mass index (BMI)≥28.0 kg/m) plateau Han people and 475 age, sex and region-matched non-obese (NO, 18.5≤BMI<24.0 kg/m) subjects were recruited. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.

Primary And Secondary Outcome Measures: Data with normal distributions were expressed as the mean (Stanard Deviation, SD), and data with skewed distributions were expressed as the median (Interquartile Range, IQR). The participants were grouped and the rank-sum test, χ test or t-tests was used for comparing groups. Spearman correlation coefficients were estimated to assess the relationships among leptin, A-FABP, visfatin and the components of MetS in each group.

Results: A-FABP was an independent predictor of OB (OR, 1.207; 95% CI, 1.170 to 1.245; p<0.05), ABSI (OR, 1.035; 95%CI, 1.019 to 1.052; p<0.05) and MetS (OR, 1.035; 95% CI, 1.013 to 1.057; p<0.05). Leptin was an independent predictor of MetS in the NO group. Visfatin was an independent predictor of increased ABSI, but not for OB or MetS.

Conclusion: An abnormally elevated plasma A-FABP level, but not leptin or visfatin is a potential risk factor for MetS in high-altitude populations.

References

El Husseny M, Mamdouh M, Shaban S, Abushouk A, Zaki M, Ahmed O . Adipokines: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Vascular Dysfunction in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. J Diabetes Res. 2017; 2017:8095926. PMC: 5327767. DOI: 10.1155/2017/8095926. View

Straburzynska-Lupa A, Nowak A, Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L, Straburzynska-Migaj E, Romanowski W, Karolkiewicz J . Visfatin, resistin, hsCRP and insulin resistance in relation to abdominal obesity in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010; 28(1):19-24. View

Zaidi H, Aksnes T, Akra S, Eggesbo H, Byrkjeland R, Seljeflot I . Abdominal Adipose Tissue Associates With Adiponectin and TNFα in Middle-Aged Healthy Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022; 13:874977. PMC: 9301307. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.874977. View

Lin B, Genden K, Shen W, Wu P, Yang W, Hung H . The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Tibetan immigrants living in high altitude areas in Ladakh, India. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2017; 12(4):365-371. PMC: 6314177. DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.03.002. View

Fukuhara A, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Segawa K, Tanaka M, Kishimoto K . Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin. Science. 2004; 307(5708):426-30. DOI: 10.1126/science.1097243. View

Grundy S, Cleeman J, Daniels S, Donato K, Eckel R, Franklin B . Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005; 112(17):2735-52. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404. View

Kim M, Seong J, Huh J, Bae Y, Lee H, Lee D . Peroxiredoxin 5 ameliorates obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through the regulation of oxidative stress and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Redox Biol. 2019; 28:101315. PMC: 6736789. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101315. View

Zhao L, Jiang H, Papasian C, Maulik D, Drees B, Hamilton J . Correlation of obesity and osteoporosis: effect of fat mass on the determination of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2007; 23(1):17-29. PMC: 2663586. DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.070813. View

Krakauer N, Krakauer J . An Anthropometric Risk Index Based on Combining Height, Weight, Waist, and Hip Measurements. J Obes. 2016; 2016:8094275. PMC: 5088335. DOI: 10.1155/2016/8094275. View

10.

Gurka M, Filipp S, Musani S, Sims M, DeBoer M . Use of BMI as the marker of adiposity in a metabolic syndrome severity score: Derivation and validation in predicting long-term disease outcomes. Metabolism. 2018; 83:68-74. PMC: 5960618. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.015. View

11.

Jais A, Bruning J . Arcuate Nucleus-Dependent Regulation of Metabolism-Pathways to Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev. 2021; 43(2):314-328. PMC: 8905335. DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab025. View

12.

Ainsworth B, Haskell W, Whitt M, Irwin M, Swartz A, Strath S . Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32(9 Suppl):S498-504. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009. View

13.

Martin G, Landrock D, McIntosh A, Milligan S, Landrock K, Kier A . High Glucose and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Ablation Differentially Impact Whole Body and Liver Phenotype in High-Fat Pair-Fed Mice. Lipids. 2020; 55(4):309-327. DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12238. View

14.

Li H, Herrmann T, Seessle J, Liebisch G, Merle U, Stremmel W . Role of fatty acid transport protein 4 in metabolic tissues: insights into obesity and fatty liver disease. Biosci Rep. 2022; 42(6). PMC: 9160530. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20211854. View

15.

Kazem Y, M El Shebini S, Moaty M, Fouad S, Tapozada S . Sleep Deficiency is a Modifiable Risk Factor for Obesity and Cognitive Impairment and Associated with Elevated Visfatin. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2016; 3(2):315-21. PMC: 4877875. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.063. View

16.

Niu G, Li J, Wang H, Ren Y, Bai J . Associations of A-FABP with Anthropometric and Metabolic Indices and Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. Biomed Res Int. 2016; 2016:9382092. PMC: 5081425. DOI: 10.1155/2016/9382092. View

17.

Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, Yin P, Zhu J, Chen W . Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019; 394(10204):1145-1158. PMC: 6891889. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30427-1. View

18.

Wang Y, Lim H, Wu Y . Growing global burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases and an alarming situation in China. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012; 44(5):688-93. View

19.

Makowski L, Hotamisligil G . Fatty acid binding proteins--the evolutionary crossroads of inflammatory and metabolic responses. J Nutr. 2004; 134(9):2464S-2468S. PMC: 4027055. DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.9.2464S. View

20.

Weiss R, Bremer A, Lustig R . What is metabolic syndrome, and why are children getting it?. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013; 1281:123-40. PMC: 3715098. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12030. View