Effect of a Multicomponent Programme Based on Reality Orientation Therapy on the Physical Performance and Cognitive Function of Elderly Community-dwellers: a Quasi-experimental Study

Overview

Journal Psychogeriatrics

Specialties Geriatrics
Psychology

Date 2023 Jul 20

PMID 37474259

Authors

Yu Kume

Makiko Nagaoka

Sachiko Uemura

Akira Saito

Megumi Tsugaruya

Tomoe Fujita

Yoshino Terui

Ayuto Kodama

Akiko Sato

Hidetaka Ota

Hideaki Ando

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Effects of a multicomponent exercise programme have an impact on the physical, cognitive, and psychological domains in elderly community-dwellers. However, some individuals aged 65 years or more have not shown positive effects after the intervention as reported in similar research. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to clarify the effectiveness of a multicomponent programme based on reality orientation therapy (ROT) on the physical performance, cognitive ability, and psychological state in the elderly.

Method: Participants were recruited from the general public in 20 areas of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and they took part in each exercise programme for 90 min a day, once every 2 weeks, for 3 months, according to the group classification using cluster randomization into 20 cohorts in Akita. Physical, cognitive, and geriatric depression assessments were performed at baseline and after the 3-month intervention in both the ROT-based intervention group and the control group.

Result: The final samples for analysis consisted of 31 participants in the control group and 30 participants in the intervention group. The results of the statistical analysis comparing the two groups showed that the 5-repetition sit-to-stand test was performed significantly faster (P < 0.05) and that the results of the word list memory (WM) test and the Symbol Digit Substitution Task also had significantly improved (P < 0.05) after the intervention in both groups. The WM score did not show an interactive effect between the group and time factors, but it had a significant main effect on time in both groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results of our quasi-experimental study indicated that the multicomponent programme based on the ROT would be as effective as the original multicomponent programme combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive tasks, as highlighted in the WM.

Citing Articles

Is Virtual Reality Orientation Therapy Useful to Optimize Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning Following Severe Acquired Brain Injury? An Exploratory Study.

De Luca R, Calderone A, Gangemi A, Rifici C, Bonanno M, Maggio M Brain Sci. 2024; 14(5).

PMID: 38790389 PMC: 11119343. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050410.

References

Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A . Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009; 41(4):1149-60. DOI: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149. View

Coe A, Martin M, Stapleton T . Effects of An Occupational Therapy Memory Strategy Education Group Intervention on Irish Older Adults' Self-Management of Everyday Memory Difficulties. Occup Ther Health Care. 2019; 33(1):37-63. DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2018.1543911. View

Makizako H, Shimada H, Park H, Doi T, Yoshida D, Uemura K . Evaluation of multidimensional neurocognitive function using a tablet personal computer: test-retest reliability and validity in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2012; 13(4):860-6. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12014. View

Smith P, Blumenthal J, Hoffman B, Cooper H, Strauman T, Welsh-Bohmer K . Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med. 2010; 72(3):239-52. PMC: 2897704. DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d14633. View

Onieva-Zafra M, Hernandez-Garcia L, Gonzalez-Del-Valle M, Parra-Fernandez M, Fernandez-Martinez E . Music Intervention With Reminiscence Therapy and Reality Orientation for Elderly People With Alzheimer Disease Living in a Nursing Home: A Pilot Study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2017; 32(1):43-50. DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000247. View

Camargo C, Ladeira M, Serpa R, Jobbins V, Filho C, Welling L . The Effectiveness of Reality Orientation Therapy in the Treatment of Parkinson Disease Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2018; :1533317518802461. PMC: 10852430. DOI: 10.1177/1533317518802461. View

Menna L, Santaniello A, Gerardi F, Di Maggio A, Milan G . Evaluation of the efficacy of animal-assisted therapy based on the reality orientation therapy protocol in Alzheimer's disease patients: a pilot study. Psychogeriatrics. 2015; 16(4):240-6. DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12145. View

Klusmann V, Evers A, Schwarzer R, Schlattmann P, Reischies F, Heuser I . Complex mental and physical activity in older women and cognitive performance: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010; 65(6):680-8. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq053. View

Kume Y, Fujita T, Uemura S, Inomata S, Tsugaruya M, Sato A . Effect of a dual-task exercise to motor and memory function for Japanese older individuals in depopulated rural districts: preliminary intervention research from 2016 to 2019. Int Psychogeriatr. 2019; 32(2):285-286. DOI: 10.1017/S1041610219000711. View

10.

Ahn J, Kim M . Effects of aerobic exercise on global cognitive function and sleep in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2023; 51:9-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.02.008. View

11.

Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A, Buchner A . G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39(2):175-91. DOI: 10.3758/bf03193146. View

12.

Suzuki T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Doi T, Yoshida D, Tsutsumimoto K . Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2012; 12:128. PMC: 3534485. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-128. View

13.

Chiu H, Chen P, Chen Y, Huang H . Reality orientation therapy benefits cognition in older people with dementia: A meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018; 86:20-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.06.008. View

14.

Suzuki T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Doi T, Yoshida D, Ito K . A randomized controlled trial of multicomponent exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e61483. PMC: 3621765. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061483. View

15.

Komes J, Schweinberger S, Wiese H . Fluency affects source memory for familiar names in younger and older adults: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Neuroimage. 2014; 92:90-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.009. View

16.

Venegas-Sanabria L, Cavero-Redondo I, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Cano-Gutierrez C, Alvarez-Bueno C . Effect of multicomponent exercise in cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2022; 22(1):617. PMC: 9316334. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03302-1. View

17.

Borges-Machado F, Silva N, Farinatti P, Poton R, Ribeiro O, Carvalho J . Effectiveness of Multicomponent Exercise Interventions in Older Adults With Dementia: A Meta-Analysis. Gerontologist. 2020; 61(8):e449-e462. PMC: 8599205. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa091. View

18.

Baker L, Frank L, Foster-Schubert K, Green P, Wilkinson C, McTiernan A . Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2010; 67(1):71-9. PMC: 3056436. DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.307. View

19.

Belleville S, Gilbert B, Fontaine F, Gagnon L, Menard E, Gauthier S . Improvement of episodic memory in persons with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: evidence from a cognitive intervention program. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006; 22(5-6):486-99. DOI: 10.1159/000096316. View

20.

Kume Y, Fujita T, Sasaki A, Kurosawa S, Sato A, Uemura S . Pilot study: The application of a multicomponent exercise for older people in a depopulated rural area. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017; 17(12):2639-2640. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13151. View