Cause-specific Excess Mortality After First Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder: Population-based Cohort Study

Overview

Journal BMJ Ment Health

Specialties Psychiatry
Psychology

Date 2023 Jul 18

PMID 37463759

Authors

Tapio Paljarvi

Kimmo Herttua

Heidi Taipale

Markku Lahteenvuo

Antti Tanskanen

Seena Fazel

Jari Tiihonen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased mortality, but evidence on cause-specific mortality is limited.

Objective: To investigate cause-specific premature excess mortality in BD.

Methods: Finnish nationwide cohort study of individuals with and without a diagnosis of BD who were aged 15-64 years during 2004-2018. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for BD using the mortality rates in the Finnish general population without BD as weights. Causes of death were defined by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes.

Findings: Of the included 47 018 individuals with BD, 3300 (7%) died during follow-up. Individuals with BD had sixfold higher mortality due to external causes (SMR: 6.01, 95% CI: 5.68, 6.34) and twofold higher mortality due to somatic causes (SMR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.97, 2.15). Of the deaths due to external causes, 83% (1061/1273) were excess deaths, whereas 51% (1043/2027) of the deaths due to somatic causes were excess. About twice the number of potential years of life were lost in excess due to external causes than due to somatic causes. Alcohol-related causes contributed more to excess mortality than deaths due to cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion: External causes of death contributed more to the mortality gap than somatic causes after controlling for age-specific background general population mortality.

Clinical Implication: A balanced consideration between therapeutic response, different treatment options and risk of cause-specific mortality is needed to prevent premature mortality in BD and to reduce the mortality gap.

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