Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Propenylbenzene Derivatives
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Propenylbenzenes, including isosafrole, anethole, isoeugenol, and their derivatives, are natural compounds found in essential oils from various plants. Compounds of this group are important and valuable, and are used in the flavour and fragrance industries as well as the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient process for synthesising oxygenated derivatives of these compounds and evaluate their potential biological activities. In this paper, we propose a two-step chemo-enzymatic method. The first step involves the synthesis of corresponding diols from propenylbenzenes lipase catalysed epoxidation followed by epoxide hydrolysis. The second step involves the microbial oxidation of a diasteroisomeric mixture of diols to yield the corresponding hydroxy ketones , which in this study was performed on a preparative scale using sp. DSM44016, DSM44534, PCM2150, and PCM2166. Application of scaled-up processes allowed to obtain hydroxy ketones with the following yield range 36-62.5%. The propenylbenzene derivatives thus obtained and the starting compounds were tested for various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, haemolytic, and anticancer activities, and their impact on membrane fluidity. Fungistatic activity assay against selected strains of results in MIC value varied from 37 to 124 μg/mL for compounds , , , and . The highest antiradical activity was shown by propenylbenzenes with a double bond in their structure with EC value ranged from 19 to 31 μg/mL. Haemolytic activity assay showed no cytotoxicity of the tested compounds on human RBCs whereas, compounds and affected the fluidity of the RBCs membrane. The tested compounds depending on their concentration showed different antiproliferative activity against HepG2, Caco-2, and MG63. The results indicate the potential utility of these compounds as fungistatics, antioxidants, and proliferation inhibitors of selected cell lines.