Screening for Volatile Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer by Analyzing Breath and Fecal Samples Using Thermal Desorption Combined with GC-MS (TD-GC-MS)

Breath and fecal VOCs, among others, represent a new and encouraging clinical practice for the differential diagnosis of CRC. The purpose of our research was to identify VOCs present in exhaled air and feces of 20 HVs and 15 CRC patients. For collection of gas phase released from feces, emission microchambers were applied. Sorption tubes were used to enrich analytes for both breath and fecal samples. TD technique combined with GC-MS was used at the separation and identification step. The combination of statistical methods was used to evaluate the ability of VOCs to classify control group and CRC patients. Heptanoic acid, acetone, 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane, n-hexane, skatole, and dimethyl trisulfide are observed in elevated amounts in the patients group. The performance of diagnostic models on the tested data set was above 90%. This study is the first attempt to document the using of TD-GC-MS to analyze both breath and fecal samples to search for volatile biomarkers of CRC. A full evaluation of the results described herein requires further studies involving a larger number of samples. Moreover, it is particularly important to understand the metabolic pathways of substances postulated as tumor biomarkers.