Lp-PLA2 Silencing Ameliorates Inflammation and Autophagy in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, is characterized by inflammation and hepatocellular injury. Our research focuses on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an inflammation-related biomarker that has recently garnered interest in the context of NASH due to its potential roles in disease pathogenesis and progression.

Methods: We established a NASH mouse model using a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated it with sh-Lp-PLA2 and/or rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor). Lp-PLA2 expression in NASH mice was detected by qRT-PCR. Serum levels of liver function parameters and inflammatory cytokines were detected using corresponding assay kits. We examined pathological changes in liver using hematoxylin-eosin, oil red O, and Masson staining, and observed autophagy through transmission electron microscopy. The protein levels of Lp-PLA2, mTOR, light chain 3 (LC3) II/I, phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2)/JAK2, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3)/STAT3 were determined by western blotting. Kupffer cells extracted from C57BL/6J mice were treated to replicate NASH conditions and treated with sh-Lp-PLA2, rapamycin, and/or a JAK2-inhibitor to further verify the roles and mechanisms of Lp-PLA2 in NASH.

Results: Our data indicate an upregulation of Lp-PLA2 expression in HFD-induced NASH mice. Silencing Lp-PLA2 in NASH mice reduced liver damage and inflammation markers (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), while increasing IL-10 levels, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Additionally, Lp-PLA2 silencing decreased lipid and collagen accumulation and promoted autophagy. The beneficial effects of sh-Lp-PLA2 on NASH were enhanced by rapamycin. Furthermore, Lp-PLA2 silencing resulted in the downregulation of the expression of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in NASH mice. Similar results were observed in Kupffer cells treated under NASH conditions; Lp-PLA2 silencing promoted autophagy and repressed inflammation, effects which were potentiated by the addition of rapamycin or a JAK2-inhibitor.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that silencing Lp-PLA2 promotes autophagy deactivating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby restraining NASH progression. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of targeting Lp-PLA2, adding a new dimension to our understanding of NASH pathogenesis and treatment strategies.