Genetic Evaluation and Screening in Cardiomyopathies: Opportunities and Challenges for Personalized Medicine

Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure caused by abnormalities of the heart muscles that make it harder for it to fill or eject blood. With technological advances, it is important for patients and families to understand that there are potential monogenic etiologies of cardiomyopathy. A multidisciplinary approach to clinical genetic screening for cardiomyopathies involving genetic counseling and clinical genetic testing is beneficial for patients and families. With early identification of inherited cardiomyopathy, patients can initiate guideline-directed medical therapies earlier, resulting in a greater likelihood of improving prognoses and health outcomes. Identifying impactful genetic variants will also allow for cascade testing to determine at-risk family members through clinical (phenotype) screening and risk stratification. Addressing genetic variants of uncertain significance and causative variants that may change in pathogenicity is also important to consider. This review will dive into the clinical genetic testing approaches for the various cardiomyopathies, the significance of early detection and treatment, the value of family screening, the personalized treatment process associated with genetic evaluation, and current strategies for clinical genetic testing outreach.