Maternal and Offspring Cardiovascular Function Following Pregnancy with Hypertensive Disorder

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk for the mother and her offspring. However, it remains unknown whether cardiovascular changes are present in the postpartum period.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of women with singleton pregnancies. We recruited 33 women (20 following preeclampsia and 13 following gestational hypertension) and an equal number of women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Conventional and more advanced echocardiographic modalities such as speckle tracking were used to assess maternal and offspring cardiac function at 3-9 months postpartum.

Results: In women with HDP compared to those without, there was higher mean arterial pressure (mean 92.3 (SD 7.3) vs. 86.8 (8.3) mmHg, = 0.007), left-ventricular mass indexed for body-surface area (64.5 (10.5) vs. 56.8 (10.03), < 0.003), and E/e' (3.6 (0.8) vs. 3.1 (0.9), = 0.022). There were no significant differences between groups in maternal left-ventricular systolic-functional indices and in offspring cardiac function between groups.

Conclusions: At 3-9 months postpartum, mothers with HDP had higher blood pressure, higher left-ventricular mass, and reduced left-ventricular diastolic function. However, in their offspring, cardiac function was preserved. These findings suggest that mothers who experienced an HDP would benefit from cardio-obstetric follow-up in the postpartum period.