Insight into the Clonal Lineage and Antimicrobial Resistance of from Vascular Access Infections Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Patients receiving hemodialysis are at risk of vascular access infections (VAIs) and are particularly vulnerable to the opportunistic pathogen . Hemodialysis patients were also at increased risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study determined the change in the molecular and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates from VAIs during the pandemic compared with before. A total of 102 isolates were collected from VAIs between November 2013 and December 2021. Before the pandemic, 69 isolates were collected, 58%, 39.1%, and 2.9% from arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), tunneled cuffed catheters (TCCs), and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), respectively. The prevalence of AVG and TCC isolates changed to 39.4% and 60.6%, respectively, of the 33 isolates during the pandemic. Sequence type (ST)59 was the predominant clone in TCC methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and AVG-MRSA before the pandemic, whereas the predominant clone was ST8 in AVG-MRSA during the pandemic. ST59 carrying the gene was resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin. By contrast, ST8 carrying the gene was exclusively resistant to erythromycin. The ST distribution for different VAIs changed from before to during the pandemic. The change in antibiotic resistance rate for different VAIs was closely related to the distribution of specific STs.