Epidemiology of Non-Susceptible to Vancomycin in South Asia

Overview

Journal Antibiotics (Basel)

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 2023 Jun 28

PMID 37370291

Authors

Mohammad Ejaz

Muhammad Ali Syed

Charlene R Jackson

Mehmoona Sharif

Rani Faryal

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

is one of the ESKAPE (, , , , , and species) pathogens among which multidrug resistance has emerged. Resistance to methicillin has resulted in clinicians using the antibiotic of last resort, vancomycin, to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA). However, excessive use and misuse of vancomycin are major causes of resistance among strains. South Asia encompasses ~25% of the world's population, and countries in South Asia are often characterized as low- and middle-income with poor healthcare infrastructure that may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Here, we briefly highlight the mechanism of vancomycin resistance, its emergence in , and the molecular epidemiology of non-susceptible to vancomycin in the South Asian region.

Citing Articles

Lasso peptides sviceucin and siamycin I exhibit anti-virulence activity and restore vancomycin effectiveness in vancomycin-resistant pathogens.

Boudrioua A, Baetz B, Desmadril S, Goulard C, Groo A, Lombard C iScience. 2025; 28(3):111922.

PMID: 40034853 PMC: 11872507. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.111922.

References

Stepanovic S, Dakic I, Djukic S, Lozuk B, Svabic-Vlahovic M . Surgical wound infection associated with Staphylococcus sciuri. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002; 34(9):685-6. DOI: 10.1080/00365540110076949a. View

Makgotlho P, Kock M, Hoosen A, Lekalakala R, Omar S, Dove M . Molecular identification and genotyping of MRSA isolates. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2009; 57(2):104-15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00585.x. View

Gill S, Fouts D, Archer G, Mongodin E, DeBoy R, Ravel J . Insights on evolution of virulence and resistance from the complete genome analysis of an early methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain and a biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain. J Bacteriol. 2005; 187(7):2426-38. PMC: 1065214. DOI: 10.1128/JB.187.7.2426-2438.2005. View

McTavish S, Snow S, Cook E, Pichon B, Coleman S, Coombs G . Genomic and Epidemiological Evidence of a Dominant Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Positive Methicillin Resistant Lineage in Sri Lanka and Presence Among Isolates From the United Kingdom and Australia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019; 9:123. PMC: 6497808. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00123. View

Taj Y, Abdullah F, Urooj Kazmi S . Current pattern of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and the emergence of vancomycin resistance. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010; 20(11):728-32. DOI: 11.2010/JCPSP.728732. View

Song J, Hsueh P, Chung D, Ko K, Kang C, Peck K . Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between the community and the hospitals in Asian countries: an ANSORP study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011; 66(5):1061-9. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr024. View

Chaudhary M, Bhattarai A, Adhikari S, Bhatta D . Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of adult chronic dacryocystitis. Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2011; 2(2):105-13. DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i2.3716. View

Fridkin S . Vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus: what the infectious disease specialist needs to know. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 32(1):108-15. DOI: 10.1086/317542. View

Abbasian S, Farahani N, Mir Z, Alinejad F, Haeili M, Dahmardehei M . Genotypic characterization of isolated from a burn centre by using and SCC typing methods. New Microbes New Infect. 2018; 26:15-19. PMC: 6141672. DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.08.001. View

10.

Mirani Z, Jamil N . Effect of sub-lethal doses of vancomycin and oxacillin on biofilm formation by vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Basic Microbiol. 2010; 51(2):191-5. DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000221. View

11.

Chung D, Lee C, Kang Y, Baek J, Kim S, Ha Y . Genotype-specific prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in Asian countries. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015; 46(3):338-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.03.009. View

12.

Hiramatsu K, Hanaki H, Ino T, YABUTA K, Oguri T, Tenover F . Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997; 40(1):135-6. DOI: 10.1093/jac/40.1.135. View

13.

Hanif E, Hassan S . Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019; 32(4(Supplementary)):1749-1753. View

14.

Rehman T, Aslam R, Aqib A, Mohsin M, Manzoor A, Shoaib M . Phylogeny of hospital acquired MRSA, and its comparative phenotypic clinico-epidemiology with vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Microb Pathog. 2020; 149:104537. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104537. View

15.

Mohanty S, Behera B, Sahu S, Praharaj A . Recent pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates in Eastern India and the emergence of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. J Lab Physicians. 2020; 11(4):340-345. PMC: 6943858. DOI: 10.4103/JLP.JLP_39_19. View

16.

Naimi H, Andre C, Bes M, Tristan A, Gustave C, Vandenesch F . Antibiotic resistance profile and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021; 40(5):1029-1038. DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04130-0. View

17.

Howden B, Davies J, Johnson P, Stinear T, Grayson M . Reduced vancomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus, including vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate strains: resistance mechanisms, laboratory detection, and clinical implications. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010; 23(1):99-139. PMC: 2806658. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00042-09. View

18.

Wang G, Hindler J, Ward K, Bruckner D . Increased vancomycin MICs for Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from a university hospital during a 5-year period. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44(11):3883-6. PMC: 1698298. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01388-06. View

19.

Goldrick B . First reported case of VRSA in the United States. Am J Nurs. 2002; 102(11):17. DOI: 10.1097/00000446-200211000-00015. View

20.

Raut S, Bajracharya K, Adhikari J, Pant S, Adhikari B . Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Palpa, Western Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2017; 10(1):187. PMC: 5457603. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2515-y. View