Sports-Related Health Problems in Para-Sports: A Systematic Review With Quality Assessment

Overview

Journal Sports Health

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Orthopedics

Date 2023 Jun 20

PMID 37337621

Authors

Sietske C M Luijten

Leonie M Te Loo

Joske Nauta

Thomas W J Janssen

Jasmijn F M Holla

Rene H J Otten

Ingrid Vriend

Evert Verhagen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Context: Participation in sports is associated with a risk of sports-related health problems. For athletes with an impairment, sports-related health problems further burden an already restricted lifestyle, underlining the importance of prevention strategies in para-sports.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview with quality assessment of the literature on sports-related health problems, their etiology, and available preventive measures in para-sports following the steps of the Sequence of Prevention.

Data Sources: A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library) was performed up to December 8, 2021, in collaboration with a medical information specialist.

Study Selection: The search yielded 3006 articles, of which 64 met all inclusion criteria.

Study Design: Systematic review with quality assessment.

Level Of Evidence: Level 3.

Data Extraction: Two independent researchers carried out the screening process and quality assessment. One researcher extracted data, and the Sequence of Prevention categorized evidence.

Results: A total of 64 studies were included, of which 61 reported on the magnitude and risk factors of sports-related health problems, while only 3 reported on the effectiveness of preventive measures. Of these, 30 studies were of high quality. Most studies (84%) included elite-level athletes. The reported injury incidence varied widely between sports (0-91 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (1-50 per 1000 athlete days). The same applies to illness incidence with regard to different sports (3-49 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (6-14 per 1000 athlete days).

Conclusion: This review shows the current vast range of reported sport-related health problems in para-sports. There is limited evidence concerning the severity of these sports-related health problems and inconclusive evidence on the risk factors. Lastly, the evidence regarding the development and effectiveness of preventive measures for para-athletes is sparse.

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