Subjective Effects As Predictors of Substance Use Disorders in a Clinical Sample: A Longitudinal Study

Overview

Journal Drug Alcohol Depend

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2023 Jun 18

PMID 37331303

Authors

Shelley A Gresko

Maya Rieselbach

Robin P Corley

Christian J Hopfer

Michael C Stallings

John K Hewitt

Soo Hyun Rhee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The literature on the association between subjective effects (SEs; i.e., how an individual perceives their physiological and psychological reactions to a drug) and substance use disorders (SUDs) is largely limited to community samples. The present study addressed the following aims in a clinical sample: whether SEs predict general versus substance-specific SUD in adolescence and adulthood after controlling for conduct disorder symptoms (CDsymp); whether SEs predict SUDs across drug classes; whether SEs predict change in SUD from adolescence to adulthood; and whether there are racial/ethnic differences in associations.

Methods: Longitudinal analyses were conducted using data from a sample of 744 clinical probands recruited from residential and outpatient SUD treatment facilities in CO during adolescence (M = 16.26) and re-assessed twice in adulthood (M = 22.56 and 28.96), approximately seven and twelve years after first assessment. SEs and CDsymp were assessed in adolescence. SUD severity was assessed at adolescence and twice during adulthood.

Results: SEs assessed in adolescence robustly predicted general SUD for legal and illegal substances in adolescence and adulthood, whereas CDsymp predicted SUD primarily in adolescence. Higher positive and negative SEs in adolescence were associated with greater SUD severity after controlling for CDsymp, with similar magnitudes. Results indicated cross-substance effects of SEs on SUD. We found no evidence for racial/ethnic differences in associations.

Conclusions: We investigated the progression of SUD in a high-risk sample with greater odds of sustained SUD. In contrast to CDsymp, both positive and negative SEs consistently predicted general SUD across substances in adolescence and adulthood.

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