Promising Schiff Bases in Antiviral Drug Design and Discovery

Overview

Journal Med Chem Res

Publisher Springer

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2023 Jun 12

PMID 37305208

Authors

Shikha Kaushik

Sarvesh Kumar Paliwal

Malliga R Iyer

Vaishali M Patil

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Emerging and re-emerging illnesses will probably present a new hazard of infectious diseases and have fostered the urge to research new antiviral agents. Most of the antiviral agents are analogs of nucleosides and only a few are non-nucleoside antiviral agents. There is quite a less percentage of marketed/clinically approved non-nucleoside antiviral medications. Schiff bases are organic compounds that possess a well-demonstrated profile against cancer, viruses, fungus, and bacteria, as well as in the management of diabetes, chemotherapy-resistant cases, and malarial infections. Schiff bases resemble aldehydes or ketones with an imine/azomethine group instead of a carbonyl ring. Schiff bases have a broad application profile not only in therapeutics/medicine but also in industrial applications. Researchers have synthesized and screened various Schiff base analogs for their antiviral potential. Some of the important heterocyclic compounds like istatin, thiosemicarbazide, quinazoline, quinoyl acetohydrazide, etc. have been used to derive novel Schiff base analogs. Keeping in view the outbreak of viral pandemics and epidemics, this manuscript compiles a review of Schiff base analogs concerning their antiviral properties and structural-activity relationship analysis.

Citing Articles

Advances in Coordination Chemistry of Schiff Base Complexes: A Journey from Nanoarchitectonic Design to Biomedical Applications.

Abd-El-Aziz A, Li Z, Zhang X, Elnagdy S, Mansour M, ElSherif A Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2025; 383(1):8.

PMID: 39900838 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-025-00489-w.

A Novel Rhodamine Functionalized Schiff Base Type Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Sensing of Hg Ions; Experimental and Theoretical Approach.

Dash S, Mohanty P, Kar P, Bhaskaran R J Fluoresc. 2025; .

PMID: 39885088 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-04132-7.

Chitosan-Based Schiff Bases (CSBs) and Their Metal Complexes: Promising Antimicrobial Agents.

Iacopetta D, Catalano A, Ceramella J, Mariconda A, DAmato A, Checconi P Molecules. 2025; 30(2).

PMID: 39860077 PMC: 11768026. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30020207.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and antiviral evaluation of new imidazopyridine-schiff base derivatives: and anti-HIV studies.

Azzouzi M, Ouchaoui A, Azougagh O, El Hadad S, Abou-Salama M, Oussaid A RSC Adv. 2024; 14(50):36902-36918.

PMID: 39569129 PMC: 11574953. DOI: 10.1039/d4ra07561g.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Hydrazones Based on N-Aminomorpholine.

Nurkenov O, Zhautikova S, Khlebnikov A, Syzdykov A, Fazylov S, Seilkhanov T Molecules. 2024; 29(15).

PMID: 39125014 PMC: 11314140. DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153606.

References

Kumar K, Ganguly S, Veerasamy R, De Clercq E . Synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of Schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)H-ones. Eur J Med Chem. 2010; 45(11):5474-9. PMC: 7115544. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.058. View

Chen Y, Li P, Su S, Chen M, He J, Liu L . Synthesis and antibacterial and antiviral activities of myricetin derivatives containing a 1,2,4-triazole Schiff base. RSC Adv. 2022; 9(40):23045-23052. PMC: 9067368. DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05139b. View

Paeshuyse J, Dallmeier K, Neyts J . Ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a review of the proposed mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Virol. 2012; 1(6):590-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.030. View

Samudrala P, Kumar P, Choudhary K, Thakur N, Wadekar G, Dayaramani R . Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020; 883:173375. PMC: 7366121. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173375. View

Cirri D, Pratesi A, Marzo T, Messori L . Metallo therapeutics for COVID-19. Exploiting metal-based compounds for the discovery of new antiviral drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2020; 16(1):39-46. DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1819236. View

Caminade C, Mcintyre K, Jones A . Impact of recent and future climate change on vector-borne diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018; 1436(1):157-173. PMC: 6378404. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13950. View

Rogolino D, Bacchi A, De Luca L, Rispoli G, Sechi M, Stevaert A . Investigation of the salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone scaffold for inhibition of influenza virus PA endonuclease. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2015; 20(7):1109-21. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1292-0. View

Chobot V, Hadacek F . Exploration of pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities of the flavonoid myricetin. Redox Rep. 2011; 16(6):242-7. PMC: 6837545. DOI: 10.1179/1351000211Y.0000000015. View

Bhatia H, Singh H, Grewal N, Natt N . Sofosbuvir: A novel treatment option for chronic hepatitis C infection. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2014; 5(4):278-84. PMC: 4231565. DOI: 10.4103/0976-500X.142464. View

10.

Bringmann G, Dreyer M, Faber J, Dalsgaard P, Staerk D, Jaroszewski J . Ancistrotanzanine C and related 5,1'- and 7,3'-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis. J Nat Prod. 2004; 67(5):743-8. DOI: 10.1021/np0340549. View

11.

Chohan Z, Hernandes M, Sensato F, Moreira D, Alves Pereira V, de Andrade Lemoine Neves J . Sulfonamide-metal complexes endowed with potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2013; 29(2):230-6. DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.766608. View

12.

Al-Bari M . Chloroquine analogues in drug discovery: new directions of uses, mechanisms of actions and toxic manifestations from malaria to multifarious diseases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015; 70(6):1608-21. PMC: 7537707. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv018. View

13.

Kaur R, Kumar K . Synthetic and medicinal perspective of quinolines as antiviral agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2021; 215:113220. PMC: 7995244. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113220. View

14.

Wiersinga W, Rhodes A, Cheng A, Peacock S, Prescott H . Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA. 2020; 324(8):782-793. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.12839. View

15.

Sevincli Z, Duran G, Ozbil M, Karali N . Synthesis, molecular modeling and antiviral activity of novel 5-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-thiosemicarbazones. Bioorg Chem. 2020; 104:104202. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104202. View

16.

Banerjee D, Yogeeswari P, Bhat P, Thomas A, Srividya M, Sriram D . Novel isatinyl thiosemicarbazones derivatives as potential molecule to combat HIV-TB co-infection. Eur J Med Chem. 2010; 46(1):106-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.10.020. View

17.

Pechlivanidou E, Vlachakis D, Tsarouhas K, Panidis D, Tsitsimpikou C, Darviri C . The prognostic role of micronutrient status and supplements in COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022; 162:112901. PMC: 8873042. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112901. View

18.

Neiderud C . How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases. Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2015; 5:27060. PMC: 4481042. DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.27060. View

19.

Baker R, Mahmud A, Miller I, Rajeev M, Rasambainarivo F, Rice B . Infectious disease in an era of global change. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021; 20(4):193-205. PMC: 8513385. DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z. View

20.

Majid S, Mir J, Bhat M, Shalla A, Pandey A, Hadda T . A pair of carbazate derivatives as novel Schiff base ligands: DFT and POM theory supported spectroscopic and biological evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2022; 41(12):5499-5515. DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2090437. View