CAR-T Cells Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Recent Advances

Overview

Journal Cancers (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Oncology

Date 2023 Jun 10

PMID 37296906

Authors

Julia Zarychta

Adrian Kowalczyk

Milena Krawczyk

Monika Lejman

Joanna Zawitkowska

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In order to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies and extend the long-term survival of patients, more and more often, in addition to standard treatment, oncological patients receive also targeted therapy, i.e., CAR-T cells. These cells express a chimeric receptor (CAR) that specifically binds an antigen present on tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. The use of CAR-T cells in the therapy of relapsed and refractory B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) resulted in complete remission in many patients, which prompted researchers to conduct tests on the use of CAR-T cells in the treatment of other hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to ALL due to a higher risk of relapse caused by the development of resistance to standard treatment. The 5-year relative survival rate in AML patients was estimated at 31.7%. The objective of the following review is to present the mechanism of action of CAR-T cells, and discuss the latest findings on the results of anti-CD33, -CD123, -FLT3 and -CLL-1 CAR-T cell therapy, the emerging challenges as well as the prospects for the future.

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