Increased Phospholipase A2 Activity in the Kidney of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Phospholipase A2 activity was studied in the renal cortex and medulla of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) and normotensive rat (WKY), and the subcellular localization of its activity was determined. Enhanced activity was found in both the cortical and medullary microsomes in SHRSP kidneys. In SHRSP, but not in WKY, phospholipase A2 activity progressively increased with age. This phospholipase A2 had substrate specificity toward phosphatidylethanolamine. There were no differences in optimal pH, substrate specificity, heat lability, and responses to Triton X-100 and deoxycholate between SHRSP and WKY. Ca2+ stimulated phospholipase A2 activity in both animals. The maximal activation was achieved at 5 mM Ca2+, and EDTA strongly inhibited the activity. But the response to Ca2+ was different in each. Ca2+ enhanced this activity in SHRSP markedly compared with WKY. It seems that Ca2+ is specifically required for phospholipase A2 activity in SHRSP. Though the influx of Ca2+ into microsomal membranes was not enhanced, the Ca2+ efflux of microsomal membranes decreased in SHRSP. This results in increases of intramicrosomal Ca2+, which may cause the subsequent activation of phospholipase A2. The Ca2+ permeability may be one of the factors in the increased phospholipase A2 activity in SHRSP.