Expanded Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Adult Cannabis Use: A Latent Class Analysis

Overview

Journal Cannabis

Date 2023 Jun 8

PMID 37287726

Authors

Douglas C Smith

Rachel C Garthe

Alex Lee

Shongha Kim

Magdelene Thebaud

Lucy Kovacevic

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In addition to traditionally assessed abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include adversities like racial discrimination, community violence, and bullying. Prior research established associations between the original ACEs and substance use, but few used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to examine patterns of ACEs. Examining patterns of ACEs may yield additional insights beyond cumulative risk studies focusing only on the number of different ACEs experiences. Therefore, we identified associations between latent classes of ACEs and cannabis use. Studies on ACES rarely examine cannabis use outcomes, which is important as cannabis remains one of the most commonly used substances and is associated with negative effects on health. Yet it is still unclear how ACEs influence cannabis use. Participants were adults in Illinois (n = 712) recruited through Qualtrics' online quota-sampling method. They completed measures of 14 ACEs, past 30-day and lifetime cannabis use, medical cannabis use (DFACQ) and probable cannabis use disorders (CUDIT-R-SF). Latent class analyses were performed using ACEs. We identified four classes, labeled: , and . The largest effect sizes (p<.05) were observed for those in the class, who had elevated risks for lifetime (OR =6.2), 30-day (OR = 5.05), and medicinal cannabis use (OR = 17.9) relative to those in the class. Those in the and classes also had increased odds (p<.05) for lifetime (OR =2.44/OR=2.82), 30-day (OR = 4.88/OR= 2.53), and medicinal cannabis use (OR = 2.59/OR =1.67(ns)) relative to those in the class. However, no class with elevated ACEs had higher odds for CUD relative to the class. Additional research could further disentangle these findings using extensive measures of CUD. Additionally, as participants in the class had higher odds of medicinal cannabis use, future research could carefully study their consumption patterns.

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