Effect of Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Health in Winter Fur-growing Raccoon Dogs ()

Overview

Journal Front Vet Sci

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2023 May 30

PMID 37252386

Authors

Dehui Zhao

Haihua Zhang

Keyuan Liu

Yan Wu

Borui Zhang

Cuiliu Ma

Hanlu Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs during the winter fur-growing period.

Methods: Forty-five 135 (±5) day-old male raccoon dogs were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 (group N), 1 × 10 (group L) and 5 × 10 CFU/g (group H) , with 15 raccoon dogs per group.

Results: The results showed that in groups L and H improved average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) ( < 0.05). No significant difference was found in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism among the three groups ( > 0.05). Compared with group N, serum glucose levels were lower in groups L and H ( < 0.05). The levels of serum immunoglobulins A and G in group L were higher than those in the other two groups ( < 0.05), and the levels of serum immunoglobulins A and M in group H were higher than those in group N ( < 0.05). Supplementation with in groups L and H increased serum superoxide dismutase activity, and the total antioxidant capacity in group H increased compared with group N ( < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were dominant in raccoon dogs. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the composition of microbiota in the three groups changed significantly ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of Campylobacterota was increased in the H group compared to the N and L groups ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of was increased in group L compared with the other two groups ( < 0.05), while the relative abundance of and were decreased in group H compared with the other two groups ( < 0.05). Also, the relative abundance of and was higher in group L ( < 0.05) compared with group H.

Discussion: In conclusion, dietary supplementation with improved growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune status, and improved intestinal microbiota in winter fur-growing raccoon dogs. Among the concentrations tested, 1 × 10 CFU/g was the most effective level of supplementation.

References

Namted S, Poungpong K, Loongyai W, Rakangthong C, Bunchasak C . Dietary autolysed yeast modulates blood profiles, small intestinal morphology and caecal microbiota of weaning pigs. Animal. 2022; 16(11):100660. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100660. View

Thomas F, Hehemann J, Rebuffet E, Czjzek M, Michel G . Environmental and gut bacteroidetes: the food connection. Front Microbiol. 2011; 2:93. PMC: 3129010. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00093. View

Canale-Parola E . Biology of the sugar-fermenting Sarcinae. Bacteriol Rev. 1970; 34(1):82-97. PMC: 378349. DOI: 10.1128/br.34.1.82-97.1970. View

Nan W, Si H, Yang Q, Shi H, Zhang T, Shi Q . Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Intestinal Immunity Response and Gut Microbiota in American Mink (). Animals (Basel). 2021; 11(6). PMC: 8229402. DOI: 10.3390/ani11061577. View

Ganner A, Schatzmayr G . Capability of yeast derivatives to adhere enteropathogenic bacteria and to modulate cells of the innate immune system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012; 95(2):289-97. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4140-y. View

Haas B, Gevers D, Earl A, Feldgarden M, Ward D, Giannoukos G . Chimeric 16S rRNA sequence formation and detection in Sanger and 454-pyrosequenced PCR amplicons. Genome Res. 2011; 21(3):494-504. PMC: 3044863. DOI: 10.1101/gr.112730.110. View

Rupp O, Brinkrolf K, Buerth C, Kunigo M, Schneider J, Jaenicke S . The structure of the Cyberlindnera jadinii genome and its relation to Candida utilis analyzed by the occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms. J Biotechnol. 2015; 211:20-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.423. View

Kaakoush N . Insights into the Role of Erysipelotrichaceae in the Human Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2015; 5:84. PMC: 4653637. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00084. View

Wang G, Huang S, Wang Y, Cai S, Yu H, Liu H . Bridging intestinal immunity and gut microbiota by metabolites. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019; 76(20):3917-3937. PMC: 6785585. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03190-6. View

10.

Kieliszek M, Blazejak S, Placzek M . Spectrophotometric evaluation of selenium binding by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC MYA-2200 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950 yeast. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016; 35:90-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.01.014. View

11.

Zhao D, Liu H, Zhang H, Liu K, Zhang X, Liu Q . Dietary supplementation with improved growth performance, serum biochemical Indices, antioxidant status, and intestinal health in growing raccoon dogs (). Front Microbiol. 2022; 13:973384. PMC: 9532689. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973384. View

12.

Liu Z, Liao L, Chen Q, Lin S, Luo Y, Qin T . Effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide on immunity and apoptosis of the main immune organs in Muscovy duck reovirus-infected ducklings. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021; 171:448-456. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.222. View

13.

Shashidhara R, Devegowda G . Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on broiler breeder production traits and immunity. Poult Sci. 2003; 82(8):1319-25. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.8.1319. View

14.

Yousefi S, Monsef Shokri M, Allaf Noveirian H, Hoseinifar S . Effects of dietary yeast cell wall on biochemical indices, serum and skin mucus immune responses, oxidative status and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020; 106:464-472. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.007. View

15.

Edgar R . UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads. Nat Methods. 2013; 10(10):996-8. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2604. View

16.

Waite D, Taylor M . Characterizing the avian gut microbiota: membership, driving influences, and potential function. Front Microbiol. 2014; 5:223. PMC: 4032936. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00223. View

17.

Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Nilsson A, Akrami R, Lee Y, De Vadder F, Arora T . Dietary Fiber-Induced Improvement in Glucose Metabolism Is Associated with Increased Abundance of Prevotella. Cell Metab. 2015; 22(6):971-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.001. View

18.

Kaakoush N . Sutterella Species, IgA-degrading Bacteria in Ulcerative Colitis. Trends Microbiol. 2020; 28(7):519-522. DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.018. View

19.

Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Diaz C . Free radicals and polyphenols: The redox chemistry of neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem. 2017; 133:379-402. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.061. View

20.

Yang Z, Wang Y, He T, Bumbie G, Wu L, Sun Z . Effects of Dietary Yucca Schidigera Extract and Oral on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets. Front Nutr. 2021; 8:685540. PMC: 8187599. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.685540. View