Transcription Elongation Factors OsSPT4 and OsSPT5 Are Essential for Rice Growth and Development and Act with APO2

Overview

Journal Plant Cell Rep

Publisher Springer

Date 2023 May 6

PMID 37148321

Authors

Jiajun Liu

Wanrong Jie

Xian Shi

Yanfeng Ding

Chengqiang Ding

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The transcription elongation factor SPT4/SPT5 complex is essential for rice vegetative and reproductive growth and that OsSPT5-1, with its interactor APO2, is involved in multiple phytohormone pathways. The SPT4/SPT5 complex is a transcription elongation factor that regulates the processivity of transcription elongation. However, our understanding of the role of SPT4/SPT5 complex in developmental regulation remains limited. Here, we identified three SPT4/SPT5 genes (OsSPT4, OsSPT5-1, and OsSPT5-2) in rice, and investigated their roles in vegetative and reproductive growth. These genes are highly conserved with their orthologs in other species. OsSPT4 and OsSPT5-1 are widely expressed in various tissues. By contrast, OsSPT5-2 is expressed at a relatively low level, which could cause osspt5-2 null mutants have no phenotypes. Loss-of-function mutants of OsSPT4 and OsSPT5-1 could not be obtained; their heterozygotes showed severe reproductive growth defects. An incomplete mutant line (osspt5-1#12) displayed gibberellin-related dwarfed defects and a weak root system at an early vegetative phase, and a short life cycle in different planting environments. Furthermore, OsSPT5-1 interacts with the transcription factor ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 2 (APO2) and plays a similar role in regulating the growth of rice shoots. RNA sequencing analysis verified that OsSPT5-1 is involved in multiple phytohormone pathways, including gibberellin, auxin, and cytokinin. Therefore, the SPT4/SPT5 complex is essential for both vegetative and reproductive growth in rice.

Citing Articles

TFIIS is required for reproductive development and thermal adaptation in barley.

Ahmad I, Kis A, Verma R, Szadeczky-Kardoss I, Szaker H, Pettko-Szandtner A Plant Cell Rep. 2024; 43(11):260.

PMID: 39390135 PMC: 11467006. DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03345-1.

Initiation of scutellum-derived callus is regulated by an embryo-like developmental pathway in rice.

Guo F, Wang H, Lian G, Cai G, Liu W, Zhang H Commun Biol. 2023; 6(1):457.

PMID: 37100819 PMC: 10130139. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04835-w.

References

Antosz W, Pfab A, Ehrnsberger H, Holzinger P, Kollen K, Mortensen S . The Composition of the Arabidopsis RNA Polymerase II Transcript Elongation Complex Reveals the Interplay between Elongation and mRNA Processing Factors. Plant Cell. 2017; 29(4):854-870. PMC: 5435424. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00735. View

Cheng H, Chern Y, Chen I, Liu C, Li S, Chun S . Effects on murine behavior and lifespan of selectively decreasing expression of mutant huntingtin allele by supt4h knockdown. PLoS Genet. 2015; 11(3):e1005043. PMC: 4356588. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005043. View

Decker T . Mechanisms of Transcription Elongation Factor DSIF (Spt4-Spt5). J Mol Biol. 2020; 433(14):166657. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.016. View

Durr J, Lolas I, Sorensen B, Schubert V, Houben A, Melzer M . The transcript elongation factor SPT4/SPT5 is involved in auxin-related gene expression in Arabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014; 42(7):4332-47. PMC: 3985667. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku096. View

Ehara H, Yokoyama T, Shigematsu H, Yokoyama S, Shirouzu M, Sekine S . Structure of the complete elongation complex of RNA polymerase II with basal factors. Science. 2017; 357(6354):921-924. DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8552. View

Guo M, Xu F, Yamada J, Egelhofer T, Gao Y, Hartzog G . Core structure of the yeast spt4-spt5 complex: a conserved module for regulation of transcription elongation. Structure. 2008; 16(11):1649-58. PMC: 2743916. DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2008.08.013. View

Hartzog G, Fu J . The Spt4-Spt5 complex: a multi-faceted regulator of transcription elongation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012; 1829(1):105-15. PMC: 3545043. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.08.007. View

Hartzog G, Wada T, Handa H, Winston F . Evidence that Spt4, Spt5, and Spt6 control transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 1998; 12(3):357-69. PMC: 316481. DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.3.357. View

Helliwell C, Sheldon C, Olive M, Walker A, Zeevaart J, Peacock W . Cloning of the Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase gene GA3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95(15):9019-24. PMC: 21195. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.15.9019. View

10.

Hirose F, Inagaki N, Hanada A, Yamaguchi S, Kamiya Y, Miyao A . Cryptochrome and phytochrome cooperatively but independently reduce active gibberellin content in rice seedlings under light irradiation. Plant Cell Physiol. 2012; 53(9):1570-82. PMC: 3439870. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs097. View

11.

Ikeda-Kawakatsu K, Maekawa M, Izawa T, Itoh J, Nagato Y . ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 2/RFL, the rice ortholog of Arabidopsis LEAFY, suppresses the transition from inflorescence meristem to floral meristem through interaction with APO1. Plant J. 2011; 69(1):168-80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04781.x. View

12.

Ji S, Gururani M, Lee J, Ahn B, Chun S . Isolation and characterisation of a dwarf rice mutant exhibiting defective gibberellins biosynthesis. Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2013; 16(2):428-39. DOI: 10.1111/plb.12069. View

13.

Jin R, Klasfeld S, Zhu Y, Garcia M, Xiao J, Han S . LEAFY is a pioneer transcription factor and licenses cell reprogramming to floral fate. Nat Commun. 2021; 12(1):626. PMC: 7840934. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20883-w. View

14.

Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K . MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Mol Biol Evol. 2018; 35(6):1547-1549. PMC: 5967553. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy096. View

15.

Kurakawa T, Ueda N, Maekawa M, Kobayashi K, Kojima M, Nagato Y . Direct control of shoot meristem activity by a cytokinin-activating enzyme. Nature. 2007; 445(7128):652-5. DOI: 10.1038/nature05504. View

16.

Lai X, Blanc-Mathieu R, Grandvuillemin L, Huang Y, Stigliani A, Lucas J . The LEAFY floral regulator displays pioneer transcription factor properties. Mol Plant. 2021; 14(5):829-837. DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.004. View

17.

Lasko P . Tudor domain. Curr Biol. 2010; 20(16):R666-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.05.056. View

18.

Li W, Zhou Y, Liu X, Yu P, Cohen J, Meyerowitz E . LEAFY controls auxin response pathways in floral primordium formation. Sci Signal. 2013; 6(270):ra23. PMC: 4122305. DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003937. View

19.

Li W, Giles C, Li S . Insights into how Spt5 functions in transcription elongation and repressing transcription coupled DNA repair. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014; 42(11):7069-83. PMC: 4066765. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku333. View

20.

Livak K, Schmittgen T . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2002; 25(4):402-8. DOI: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262. View