Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity

Overview

Journal Vaccines (Basel)

Date 2023 Apr 28

PMID 37112696

Authors

Jinnam Kim

Changhyup Kim

Jung Ah Lee

Se Ju Lee

Ki Hyun Lee

Jung Ho Kim

Jin Young Ahn

Su Jin Jeong

Nam Su Ku

Joon-Sup Yeom

Young Goo Song

Jun Yong Choi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This study investigated the immunogenicity of, and reactogenicity to, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity. Individuals scheduled for COVID-19 vaccination were prospectively enrolled in a tertiary hospital with 2400 beds from March 2020 onwards. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity data was obtained before ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. A total of 68 adult patients administered two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were enrolled. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity was identified in 49 patients (72.1%), but not in the remaining 19 patients (27.9%). The geometric mean titer of S-specific IgG antibodies was statistically higher in individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity at several time points: before the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (56.4 (36.6-125.0) vs. 51.0 (17.9-122.3), = 0.024), 2-3 weeks after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (629.5 (451.5-926.5) vs. 555.0 (287.3-926.0), = 0.049), and 3 months after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (274.5 (160.5-655.3) vs. 176.0 (94.3-255.3), = 0.033). In the absence of pre-existing adenovirus immunity, systemic events were observed with higher frequency, especially chills (73.7% vs. 31.9%, = 0.002). In conclusion, individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity showed a higher immune response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and a higher frequency of reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination was observed.

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