The Eye As a Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer's Disease
Overview
Affiliations
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impacting cognition, function, and behavior in the elderly population. While there are currently no disease-modifying agents capable of curing AD, early diagnosis and management in the preclinical stage can significantly improve patient morbidity and life expectancy. Currently, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is a clinical one, often supplemented by invasive and expensive biomarker testing. Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in our understanding of AD and the role of ocular tissue as a potential biomarker. Ocular biomarkers hold the potential to provide noninvasive and easily accessible diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. This review summarizes current research for detecting biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in ocular tissue.
Non-Invasive Retinal Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.
Kastelan S, Gverovic Antunica A, Puzovic V, Didovic Pavicic A, canovic S, Kovacevic P Biomedicines. 2025; 13(2).
PMID: 40002697 PMC: 11852429. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020283.
Liquid clues: tear film biomarkers unravelling Alzheimer's mysteries.
Zaheer A, Anwar I, Haseeb A, Yadav A Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024; 86(6):3499-3502.
PMID: 38846836 PMC: 11152850. DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002014.
Ferritin nanocage-enabled detection of pathological tau in living human retinal cells.
Barolo L, Gigante Y, Mautone L, Ghirga S, Soloperto A, Giorgi A Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):11533.
PMID: 38773170 PMC: 11109090. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62188-8.
Rudisch D, Krasko M, Barnett D, Mueller K, Russell J, Connor N Front Behav Neurosci. 2024; 17:1294648.
PMID: 38322496 PMC: 10844490. DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1294648.
SERS-Based Optical Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease.
Gao F, Li F, Wang J, Yu H, Li X, Chen H Biosensors (Basel). 2023; 13(9).
PMID: 37754114 PMC: 10526933. DOI: 10.3390/bios13090880.