Scoping Review on Epigenetic Mechanisms in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

Overview

Journal Genes (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Date 2023 Mar 29

PMID 36980827

Authors

Jian Hong Tan

Ahmad Hazim Syakir Ahmad Azahari

Adli Ali

Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune blood disorder that involves multiple pathways responsible for the homeostasis of the immune system. Numerous pieces of literature have proposed the potential of immune-related genes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which mostly implicate the role of B cells and T cells in the pathogenesis of ITP. However, a more in-depth understanding is required of how these immune-related genes are regulated. Thus, this scoping review aims to collate evidence and further elucidate each possible epigenetics mechanism in the regulation of immunological pathways pertinent to the pathogenesis of ITP. This encompasses DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. A total of 41 studies were scrutinized to further clarify how each of the epigenetics mechanisms is related to the pathogenesis of ITP. Identifying epigenetics mechanisms will provide a new paradigm that may assist in the diagnosis and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia.

Citing Articles

The intersection of epigenetics and immune thrombocytopenia: new insights into disease mechanisms and treatments.

Zhou X, Shan N Mol Biol Rep. 2025; 52(1):257.

PMID: 39982580 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-025-10363-z.

The Many Faces of Immune Thrombocytopenia: Mechanisms, Therapies, and Clinical Challenges in Oncological Patients.

Kos M, Tomaka P, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Wojnicka J, Blazewicz A J Clin Med. 2024; 13(22).

PMID: 39597882 PMC: 11594473. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13226738.

The miR-641-STIM1 and SATB1 axes play important roles in the regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in ITP.

Zhu H, Ruan X, Zhao K, Kuang W, Liu S, Yan W Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):11243.

PMID: 38755179 PMC: 11098809. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61660-9.

References

Deng G, Yu S, He Y, Sun T, Liang W, Yu L . MicroRNA profiling of platelets from immune thrombocytopenia and target gene prediction. Mol Med Rep. 2017; 16(3):2835-2843. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6901. View

Li H, Hao Y, Zhang D, Fu R, Liu W, Zhang X . Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNA TMEVPG1 in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Autoimmunity. 2016; 49(7):496-502. DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2016.1167192. View

Hu B, Zhong L, Weng Y, Peng L, Huang Y, Zhao Y . Therapeutic siRNA: state of the art. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020; 5(1):101. PMC: 7305320. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0207-x. View

Pauley K, Cha S, Chan E . MicroRNA in autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun. 2009; 32(3-4):189-94. PMC: 2717629. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.012. View

Garabet L, Ghanima W, Rangberg A, Teruel-Montoya R, Martinez C, Lozano M . Circulating microRNAs in patients with immune thrombocytopenia before and after treatment with thrombopoietin-receptor agonists. Platelets. 2019; 31(2):198-205. DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1585527. View

Bakchoul T, Marini I . Drug-associated thrombocytopenia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018; 2018(1):576-583. PMC: 6246020. DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.576. View

Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine D, Li R . Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review. Vet Pathol. 2019; 57(1):6-23. DOI: 10.1177/0300985819861721. View

Ye Q, Jiang H, Liao X, Chen K, Li S . Identification and Validation of Gene Expression Pattern and Signature in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia. SLAS Discov. 2016; 22(2):187-195. DOI: 10.1177/1087057116664029. View

Burenbatu , Wang Y, Wang S, Narisu , Wuritunashun , Gong C . iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of immune thrombocytopenia patients before and after Qishunbaolier treatment. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2020; 35(3):e8993. PMC: 7757159. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8993. View

10.

Chen D, Lin W, Wen Y, Wang W . Investigation of the correlation between immune thrombocytopenia and T cell activity-regulated gene polymorphism using functional study. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):6601. PMC: 9033768. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10631-z. View

11.

Stewart M, Li J, Wong J . Relationship between histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, transcription repression, and heterochromatin protein 1 recruitment. Mol Cell Biol. 2005; 25(7):2525-38. PMC: 1061631. DOI: 10.1128/MCB.25.7.2525-2538.2005. View

12.

Nomura S . Advances in Diagnosis and Treatments for Immune Thrombocytopenia. Clin Med Insights Blood Disord. 2016; 9:15-22. PMC: 4948655. DOI: 10.4137/CMBD.S39643. View

13.

Kahlenberg J, Carmona-Rivera C, Smith C, Kaplan M . Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated protein activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is enhanced in lupus macrophages. J Immunol. 2012; 190(3):1217-26. PMC: 3552129. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202388. View

14.

Liu S, Shan N . DNA methylation plays an important role in immune thrombocytopenia. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020; 83:106390. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106390. View

15.

Ma D, Dai J, Zhu X, Yan S, Zhao P, Zhang J . Aberrant expression of Notch signaling molecules in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Hematol. 2009; 89(2):155-61. DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0790-y. View

16.

Yu S, Liu C, Li L, Tian T, Wang M, Hu Y . Inactivation of Notch signaling reverses the Th17/Treg imbalance in cells from patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Lab Invest. 2014; 95(2):157-67. DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.142. View

17.

Yu L, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu B . Decreasing lncRNA PVT1 causes Treg/Th17 imbalance via NOTCH signaling in immune thrombocytopenia. Hematology. 2021; 26(1):734-740. DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1974200. View

18.

Xiao Y, Su X, Huang W, Zhang J, Peng C, Huang H . Role of S-adenosylhomocysteine in cardiovascular disease and its potential epigenetic mechanism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2015; 67:158-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.015. View

19.

Terrell D, Neunert C, Cooper N, Heitink-Polle K, Kruse C, Imbach P . Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Current Limitations in Patient Management. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020; 56(12). PMC: 7761470. DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120667. View

20.

Sui J, Lu R, Halkidis K, Kocher N, Cao W, Marques M . Plasma levels of S100A8/A9, histone/DNA complexes, and cell-free DNA predict adverse outcomes of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 19(2):370-379. PMC: 8058879. DOI: 10.1111/jth.15176. View