Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease

Overview

Journal Antioxidants (Basel)

Date 2023 Mar 29

PMID 36978905

Authors

Karina-Alexandra Cojocaru

Ionut Luchian

Ancuta Goriuc

Lucian-Mihai Antoci

Cristian-Gabriel Ciobanu

Roxana Popescu

Cristiana-Elena Vlad

Mihaela Blaj

Liliana Georgeta Foia

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles involved in essential cellular functions, including cytosolic calcium regulation, cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. They are the site of important biochemical pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, parts of the ureagenesis cycle, or haem synthesis. Mitochondria are responsible for the majority of cellular ATP production through OXPHOS. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with metabolic pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, cellular aging, and cancer. In this article, we describe the pathophysiological changes in, and mitochondrial role of, metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease) and their correlation with oxidative stress. We highlight the genetic changes identified at the mtDNA level. Additionally, we selected several representative biomarkers involved in oxidative stress and summarize the progress of therapeutic strategies.

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