New Color-Patterned Species of Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae) and a Deep Intraspecific Divergence of Species by DNA Barcodes

Overview

Journal Insects

Specialty Biology

Date 2023 Mar 28

PMID 36975912

Authors

Chao Song

Le Wang

Teng Lei

Xin Qi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The genus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) has a nearly worldwide distribution, comprising more than 60 species, which are further divided into two species groups based on larval stage. However, species delimitation and identification among the adults of this genus are controversial and uncertain. For instance, previous studies have provided many synonymies based on conspecific color pattern variations in species. Here, we used DNA barcode data to address species delimitation as well as to test whether color pattern variations can be diagnostic characters for interspecific identification. The 151 DNA barcodes used, 51 of which were contributed by our laboratory, represent 21 morphospecies. Species with specific color patterns could be accurately separated based on DNA barcodes. Consequently, the color patterns of adult males could be important diagnostic characters. The average intraspecific and interspecific sequence divergences were 2.8% and 12.5%, respectively, and several species exhibited deep intraspecific divergences higher than 5%. Molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) ranged from 21 to 73, based on methods including phylogenetic trees, the assemble species by automatic partitioning method, the Poisson tree process (PTP), and the general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) method. As a result of these analyses, five new species were recognized ( sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., and sp. nov.).

Citing Articles

Contributions of Microscopy to the Morphological Characterization of the Male Genitalia of (Diptera, Syrphidae).

Silva I, Souza A, Silveira A, Barros-Cordeiro K, Lopes W, Bao S Ecol Evol. 2025; 15(2):e70911.

PMID: 39901890 PMC: 11788535. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70911.

Limited Variation in Codon Usage across Mitochondrial Genomes of Non-Biting Midges (Diptera: Chironomidae).

Lei T, Zheng X, Song C, Jin H, Chen L, Qi X Insects. 2024; 15(10).

PMID: 39452328 PMC: 11508583. DOI: 10.3390/insects15100752.

DNA Barcoding Supports "Color-Pattern''-Based Species of from China (Diptera: Chironomidae).

Song C, Chen G, Wang L, Lei T, Qi X Insects. 2024; 15(3).

PMID: 38535374 PMC: 10971086. DOI: 10.3390/insects15030179.

References

Saitoh T, Sugita N, Someya S, Iwami Y, Kobayashi S, Kamigaichi H . DNA barcoding reveals 24 distinct lineages as cryptic bird species candidates in and around the Japanese Archipelago. Mol Ecol Resour. 2014; 15(1):177-86. DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12282. View

Song C, Zhu B, Moubayed-Breil J, Lei T, Qi X . Taxonomic study on the genus Kieffer from the Baishanzu Nature Reserve, China (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zookeys. 2023; 1104:93-113. PMC: 9848771. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1104.81403. View

Adams C, Knapp M, Gemmell N, Jeunen G, Bunce M, Lamare M . Beyond Biodiversity: Can Environmental DNA (eDNA) Cut It as a Population Genetics Tool?. Genes (Basel). 2019; 10(3). PMC: 6470983. DOI: 10.3390/genes10030192. View

Irion U, Nusslein-Volhard C . The identification of genes involved in the evolution of color patterns in fish. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2019; 57:31-38. PMC: 6838669. DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.002. View

Hebert P, Cywinska A, Ball S, deWaard J . Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc Biol Sci. 2003; 270(1512):313-21. PMC: 1691236. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2218. View

Lin X, Stur E, Ekrem T . Exploring Genetic Divergence in a Species-Rich Insect Genus Using 2790 DNA Barcodes. PLoS One. 2015; 10(9):e0138993. PMC: 4583400. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138993. View

Badejo O, Skaldina O, Gilev A, Sorvari J . Benefits of insect colours: a review from social insect studies. Oecologia. 2020; 194(1-2):27-40. PMC: 7561587. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04738-1. View

Ronquist F, Teslenko M, van der Mark P, Ayres D, Darling A, Hohna S . MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst Biol. 2012; 61(3):539-42. PMC: 3329765. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys029. View

FROHLICH , Bedford , Markham , Brown . A phylogeographical analysis of the bemisia tabaci species complex based on mitochondrial DNA markers. Mol Ecol. 1999; 8(10):1683-91. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00754.x. View

10.

Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R . DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 1994; 3(5):294-9. View

11.

Bertheau C, Schuler H, Krumbock S, Arthofer W, Stauffer C . Hit or miss in phylogeographic analyses: the case of the cryptic NUMTs. Mol Ecol Resour. 2011; 11(6):1056-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03050.x. View

12.

Ratnasingham S, Hebert P . A DNA-based registry for all animal species: the barcode index number (BIN) system. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7):e66213. PMC: 3704603. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066213. View

13.

Dantas G, Hamada N, Araujo A . A new species of Metapelopia Silva, Oliveira & Trivinho-Strixino (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Peru. Zootaxa. 2016; 4137(1):49-60. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4137.1.3. View

14.

Ivanova N, Clare E, Borisenko A . DNA barcoding in mammals. Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 858:153-82. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6_8. View

15.

Kerr K, Stoeckle M, Dove C, Weigt L, Francis C, Hebert P . Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds. Mol Ecol Notes. 2008; 7(4):535-543. PMC: 2259444. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01670.x. View

16.

Rambaut A, Drummond A, Xie D, Baele G, Suchard M . Posterior Summarization in Bayesian Phylogenetics Using Tracer 1.7. Syst Biol. 2018; 67(5):901-904. PMC: 6101584. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syy032. View

17.

Hiller A, Kraus H, Almon M, Werding B . The Petrolisthes galathinus complex: species boundaries based on color pattern, morphology and molecules, and evolutionary interrelationships between this complex and other Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2006; 40(2):547-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.030. View

18.

Martin P, Montgomerie R, Lougheed S . Color patterns of closely related bird species are more divergent at intermediate levels of breeding-range sympatry. Am Nat. 2015; 185(4):443-51. DOI: 10.1086/680206. View

19.

Kapli P, Lutteropp S, Zhang J, Kobert K, Pavlidis P, Stamatakis A . Multi-rate Poisson tree processes for single-locus species delimitation under maximum likelihood and Markov chain Monte Carlo. Bioinformatics. 2017; 33(11):1630-1638. PMC: 5447239. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx025. View

20.

Qi X, Lin X, Wang X . A new species of the genus Microtendipes Kieffer, 1915 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Oriental China. Zookeys. 2012; (212):80-9. PMC: 3428705. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.212.3329. View