Associated Factors of Burnout Among Chinese Vaccination Staff During COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal Front Public Health

Specialty Public Health

Date 2023 Mar 27

PMID 36969614

Authors

Wenwen Gu

Yan Liu

Zhaojun Lu

Jun Wang

Xinren Che

Yuyang Xu

Xuechao Zhang

Jing Wang

Jian Du

Xiaoping Zhang

Junfang Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: During the COVID-19 epidemic, vaccination staff had three main aspects of work: routine vaccination for children and adults, COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 prevention and control. All these works significantly increased the workload of vaccination staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of burnout among vaccination staff in Hangzhou, China.

Methods: A total of 501 vaccination staff from 201 community/township healthcare centers in Hangzhou were recruited using a cross-sectional survey through WeChat social platform. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) was used to assess the level of burnout. Descriptive statistics were made on the characteristics of participants. Univariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression were conducted to determine the relative predictors of burnout. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the relative predictors of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and personal accomplishment.

Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 20.8% of the vaccination staff experienced burnout. Educational level above undergraduate education level, medium professional title, and more working time in COVID-19 vaccination work reported a higher degree of job burnout. The vaccination staff was experiencing a high degree of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and low personal accomplishment. Professional title, working place, and working time for COVID-19 vaccination were associated with exhaustive emotion and cynicism. Professional title and participation time for COVID-19 prevention and control were associated with personal accomplishment.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the prevalence rate of burnout is high among vaccination staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with a low level of personal accomplishment. Psychological intervention for vaccination staff is urgently needed.

Citing Articles

A study on the willingness and influencing factors of non-EPI vaccines recommendations among Chinese vaccination staff under major infectious disease outbreaks.

Qixin X, Liu Y, Che X, Du J, Xu Y, Han J Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025; 21(1):2469987.

PMID: 40008567 PMC: 11866964. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2469987.

Developing HPV Vaccination Communication Strategies: Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers Among Healthcare Professionals in Kazakhstan.

Kassymbekova F, Rommel A, Kaidarova D, Auyezova A, Nukusheva S, Dunenova G Vaccines (Basel). 2024; 12(11).

PMID: 39591128 PMC: 11598784. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12111225.

References

Lu S, Zhang L, Klazinga N, Kringos D . More public health service providers are experiencing job burnout than clinical care providers in primary care facilities in China. Hum Resour Health. 2020; 18(1):95. PMC: 7711271. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00538-z. View

Gan Y, Jiang H, Li L, Yang Y, Wang C, Liu J . Prevalence of burnout and associated factors among general practitioners in Hubei, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19(1):1607. PMC: 6889526. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7755-4. View

Khamisa N, Oldenburg B, Peltzer K, Ilic D . Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015; 12(1):652-66. PMC: 4306884. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120100652. View

Li D, Wang Y, Yu H, Duan Z, Peng K, Wang N . Occupational Burnout Among Frontline Health Professionals in a High-Risk Area During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Structural Equation Model. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12:575005. PMC: 8032859. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.575005. View

Cheng S, Zhao Y, Kaminga A, Zhang X, Xu H . China's Fight Against COVID-19: What We Have Done and What We Should Do Next?. Front Public Health. 2022; 10:548056. PMC: 9282890. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.548056. View

DallOra C, Griffiths P, Ball J, Simon M, Aiken L . Association of 12 h shifts and nurses' job satisfaction, burnout and intention to leave: findings from a cross-sectional study of 12 European countries. BMJ Open. 2015; 5(9):e008331. PMC: 4577950. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008331. View

Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Schubert J, Bania J . The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China. J Travel Med. 2020; 27(3). PMC: 7184469. DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa037. View

Bangura M, Gonzalez M, Ali N, Ren R, Qiao Y . A collaborative effort of China in combating COVID-19. Glob Health Res Policy. 2020; 5(1):47. PMC: 7655907. DOI: 10.1186/s41256-020-00174-z. View

Yang Q, Zhang H, Yu M, Hu X, Gu Y, Sun X . Chinese Minority Perceives the Doctor-Patient Relationship Differently: A Cultural and Economic Interpretation. Front Public Health. 2019; 7:330. PMC: 6880764. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00330. View

10.

Al Sabei S, Labrague L, Ross A, Karkada S, Albashayreh A, Al Masroori F . Nursing Work Environment, Turnover Intention, Job Burnout, and Quality of Care: The Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2019; 52(1):95-104. DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12528. View

11.

Gonzalez-Morales M, Peiro J, Rodriguez I, Bliese P . Perceived collective burnout: a multilevel explanation of burnout. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2011; 25(1):43-61. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2010.542808. View

12.

Luo A, Kong W, He H, Li Y, Xie W . Status and Influencing Factors of Social Media Addiction in Chinese Medical Care Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Psychol. 2022; 13:888714. PMC: 9097152. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888714. View

13.

Brenninkmeijer V, VanYperen N . How to conduct research on burnout: advantages and disadvantages of a unidimensional approach in burnout research. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60 Suppl 1:i16-20. PMC: 1765718. DOI: 10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i16. View

14.

Wu S, Zhu W, Wang Z, Wang M, Lan Y . Relationship between burnout and occupational stress among nurses in China. J Adv Nurs. 2007; 59(3):233-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04301.x. View

15.

Huo L, Zhou Y, Li S, Ning Y, Zeng L, Liu Z . Burnout and Its Relationship With Depressive Symptoms in Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Front Psychol. 2021; 12:616369. PMC: 7969997. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616369. View

16.

Maslach C, Schaufeli W, Leiter M . Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; 52:397-422. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397. View

17.

Qiao Z, Chen L, Chen M, Guan X, Wang L, Jiao Y . Prevalence and factors associated with occupational burnout among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016; 16:335. PMC: 4832489. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2890-7. View

18.

Hou J, Xu B, Zhang J, Luo L, Pen X, Chen S . Psychological Status and Job Burnout of Nurses Working in the Frontline of the Novel Coronavirus in China During the Delta Variant Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022; 15:533-546. PMC: 8906864. DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S343749. View

19.

Yan Y, Fan T, Zheng Y, Yang H, Li T, Wang H . Prevention and control of COVID-19 by primary health care facilities in China: a field-survey-based qualitative study in three typical cities. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022; 22(1):399. PMC: 8960212. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07770-4. View

20.

Yates S . Physician Stress and Burnout. Am J Med. 2019; 133(2):160-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.08.034. View