Local and Systemic Effects of Infection

Overview

Journal Microorganisms

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2023 Feb 25

PMID 36838435

Authors

William A Chen

Yuetan Dou

Hansel M Fletcher

Danilo S Boskovic

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce a dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between the host and oral microbiota. It is advantageous for to avoid complete host immunosuppression, as inflammation-induced tissue damage provides essential nutrients necessary for robust bacterial proliferation. In this context, can gain access to the systemic circulation, where it can promote a prothrombotic state. expresses a number of virulence factors, which aid this pathogen toward infection of a variety of host cells, evasion of detection by the host immune system, subversion of the host immune responses, and activation of several humoral and cellular hemostatic factors.

Citing Articles

Microbiome modulation of implant-related infection by a novel miniaturized pulsed electromagnetic field device.

Souza J, Azevedo F, Borges M, Costa R, Shiba T, Barak S NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2025; 11(1):36.

PMID: 40011461 PMC: 11865433. DOI: 10.1038/s41522-025-00667-0.

affects neutrophil pro-inflammatory activities.

Zimny A, Plonczynska A, Jakubowski W, Zubrzycka N, Potempa J, Sochalska M Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025; 13:1419651.

PMID: 39936030 PMC: 11811088. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1419651.

Comparative Assessment of Antibiotics and Probiotics: Adjuvants in Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment for Smokers With Generalized Periodontitis.

Shah S, Engineer K, Shah R, Shah H, Gajjar S, Kumar S Cureus. 2025; 17(2):e78394.

PMID: 39902253 PMC: 11788449. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78394.

Alzheimer's Disease and : Exploring the Links.

Shawkatova I, Durmanova V, Javor J Life (Basel). 2025; 15(1).

PMID: 39860036 PMC: 11766648. DOI: 10.3390/life15010096.

Development of monoclonal antibodies against Mfa1 and their protective capacity in an experimental periodontitis model.

Cao M, Wang S, Zhou S, Yan M, Zou Y, Cui Y mSphere. 2024; 10(1):e0072124.

PMID: 39699191 PMC: 11774036. DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00721-24.

References

Imamura T, Potempa J, Tanase S, Travis J . Activation of blood coagulation factor X by arginine-specific cysteine proteinases (gingipain-Rs) from Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272(25):16062-7. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.25.16062. View

Benitez-Paez A, Belda-Ferre P, Simon-Soro A, Mira A . Microbiota diversity and gene expression dynamics in human oral biofilms. BMC Genomics. 2014; 15:311. PMC: 4234424. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-311. View

Boyce B, Yao Z, Xing L . Functions of nuclear factor kappaB in bone. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010; 1192:367-75. PMC: 3013362. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05315.x. View

Takafuji S, Tadokoro K, Ito K, Dahinden C . Degranulation from human eosinophils stimulated with C3a and C5a. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1994; 104 Suppl 1(1):27-9. DOI: 10.1159/000236743. View

Amar S, Wu S, Madan M . Is Porphyromonas gingivalis cell invasion required for atherogenesis? Pharmacotherapeutic implications. J Immunol. 2009; 182(3):1584-92. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1584. View

Lee J, Miller D, Wu L, Casella C, Hasegawa Y, Lamont R . Maturation of the Mfa1 Fimbriae in the Oral Pathogen . Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018; 8:137. PMC: 5954841. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00137. View

Schorr W, Swandulla D, Zeilhofer H . Mechanisms of IL-8-induced Ca2+ signaling in human neutrophil granulocytes. Eur J Immunol. 1999; 29(3):897-904. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199903)29:03<897::AID-IMMU897>3.0.CO;2-5. View

Guo Y, Nguyen K, Potempa J . Dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon's knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins. Periodontol 2000. 2010; 54(1):15-44. PMC: 2924770. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00377.x. View

Hao L, Zhu G, Lu Y, Wang M, Jules J, Zhou X . Deficiency of cathepsin K prevents inflammation and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis and reveals its shared osteoimmune role. FEBS Lett. 2015; 589(12):1331-1339. PMC: 4623593. DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.008. View

10.

Hirose K, Isogai E, Mizugai H, Ueda I . Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae to human gingival cell line Ca9-22. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1996; 11(6):402-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1996.tb00202.x. View

11.

Li Z, Jiang H, Xie W, Zhang Z, Smrcka A, Wu D . Roles of PLC-beta2 and -beta3 and PI3Kgamma in chemoattractant-mediated signal transduction. Science. 2000; 287(5455):1046-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5455.1046. View

12.

McGEE J, Tucci M, Edmundson T, Serio C, Johnson R . The relationship between concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines within gingiva and the adjacent sulcular depth. J Periodontol. 1998; 69(8):865-71. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1998.69.8.865. View

13.

Paster B, Boches S, Galvin J, Ericson R, Lau C, Levanos V . Bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque. J Bacteriol. 2001; 183(12):3770-83. PMC: 95255. DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.12.3770-3783.2001. View

14.

Nelson K, Fleischmann R, DeBoy R, Paulsen I, Fouts D, Eisen J . Complete genome sequence of the oral pathogenic Bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis strain W83. J Bacteriol. 2003; 185(18):5591-601. PMC: 193775. DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.18.5591-5601.2003. View

15.

Nagano K, Hasegawa Y, Murakami Y, Nishiyama S, Yoshimura F . FimB regulates FimA fimbriation in Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Dent Res. 2010; 89(9):903-8. DOI: 10.1177/0022034510370089. View

16.

Pike R, McGraw W, Potempa J, Travis J . Lysine- and arginine-specific proteinases from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Isolation, characterization, and evidence for the existence of complexes with hemagglutinins. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269(1):406-11. View

17.

Tokuda M, Duncan M, Cho M, Kuramitsu H . Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis protease activity in colonization of oral surfaces. Infect Immun. 1996; 64(10):4067-73. PMC: 174338. DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.10.4067-4073.1996. View

18.

OBrien-Simpson N, Pathirana R, Walker G, Reynolds E . Porphyromonas gingivalis RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complexes penetrate gingival tissue and induce proinflammatory cytokines or apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Infect Immun. 2008; 77(3):1246-61. PMC: 2643621. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01038-08. View

19.

Mashima I, Nakazawa F . The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species. Anaerobe. 2014; 28:54-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003. View

20.

Duarte P, de Lorenzo Abreu L, Vilela A, Feres M, Giro G, Miranda T . Protein and mRNA detection of classic cytokines in corresponding samples of serum, gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid from subjects with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2018; 54(2):174-179. DOI: 10.1111/jre.12617. View