Maternal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women Diagnosed With COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 has the potential development of negative maternal outcomes for pregnant women. The risk of contracting COVID-19 is high as pregnancy alters the maternal immune system. Therefore, this study aims to assess maternal outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in three hospitals during the pandemic over four months, from the beginning of December 2019 until the end of March 2020. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire filled by the researcher using computers from the medical records of three hospitals. The sampling was all confirmed cases of pregnant women who delivered while being positive for COVID-19.

Results: This study has identified a total of 82 pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection over the study period, with ages ranging from 18 to >40 years. The majority of the pregnant women (84.1%) were symptomatic, with fever (48.8%) being the most frequent COVID-19 symptom, followed by cough (42.7%) and shortness of breath (41.5%). Some women (46.3%) had a spontaneous normal vaginal delivery, and 50.2% had a cesarean delivery. The most common adverse pregnancy outcome was premature delivery (36.5%), followed by fetal distress (20.7%), preeclampsia (2.4%), eclampsia (1.2%), and diabetic ketoacidosis (1.2%), as well as the death of three pregnant women.

Conclusion: This study found that infected mothers faced various risks of maternal adverse outcomes. The majority of the pregnant women experienced mild to moderate illness symptoms and were delivered within 14 days of the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Healthcare providers should provide more attention to pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.