PGPR: the Treasure of Multifarious Beneficial Microorganisms for Nutrient Mobilization, Pest Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion in Field Crops

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have multifarious beneficial activities for plant growth promotion; act as source of metabolites, enzymes, nutrient mobilization, biological control of pests, induction of disease resistance vis-a-vis bioremediation potentials by phytoextraction and detoxification of heavy metals, pollutants and pesticides. Agrochemicals and synthetic pesticides are currently being utilized widely in all major field crops, thereby adversely affecting human and animal health, and posing serious threats to the environments. Beneficial microorganisms like PGPR could potentially substitute and supplement the toxic chemicals and pesticides with promising application in organic farming leading to sustainable agriculture practices and bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites. Among field crops limited bio-formulations have been prepared till now by utilization of PGPR strains having plant growth promotion, metabolites, enzymes, nutrient mobilization and biocontrol activities. The present review contributes comprehensive description of PGPR applications in field crops including commercial, oilseeds, leguminous and cereal crops to further extend the utilization of these potent groups of beneficial microorganisms so that even higher level of crop productivity and quality produce of field crops could be achieved. PGPR and bacteria based commercialized bio-formulations available worldwide for its application in the field crops have been compiled in this review which can be a substitute for the harmful synthetic chemicals. The current knowledge gap and potential target areas for future research have also been projected.