Review of Hospital Effluents: Special Emphasis on Characterization, Impact, and Treatment of Pollutants and Antibiotic Resistance

Overview

Journal Environ Monit Assess

Publisher Springer

Specialty Environmental Health

Date 2023 Feb 13

PMID 36780024

Authors

Sayerh Fatimazahra

Mouhir Latifa

Saafadi Laila

Khazraji Monsif

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Health care institutions generate large volumes of liquid effluents from specific activities related to healthcare, analysis, and research. Their direct discharge into the environment has various negative effects on aquatic environments and human health, due to their high organic matter charges and the presence of various emerging contaminants such as disinfectants, drugs, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Moreover, hospital effluents, by carrying antibiotics, contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment. This resistance has become a global issue that manifests itself variously in different countries, causing the transmission of different infections. In this respect, an effort is provided to protect water resources by current treatment methods that imply physical-chemical processes such as adsorption and advanced oxidation processes, biological processes such as activated sludge and membrane bioreactors and other hybrid techniques. The purpose of this review is to improve the knowledge on the composition and impact of hospital wastewater on man and the environment, highlighting the different treatment techniques appropriate to this type of disposal before discharge into the environment.

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