Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2023 Feb 11

PMID 36769560

Authors

Mariantonia Ferrara

Alessandra Loda

Giulia Coco

Piergiacomo Grassi

Silvia Cestaro

Sara Rezzola

Vito Romano

Francesco Semeraro

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, represents the leading cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population. Due to the potential absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the identification of clinical biomarkers can have a crucial role in the early diagnosis of DR as well as for the detection of prognostic factors. In particular, imaging techniques are fundamental tools for screening, diagnosis, classification, monitoring, treatment planning and prognostic assessment in DR. In this context, the identification of ocular and systemic biomarkers is crucial to facilitate the risk stratification of diabetic patients; moreover, reliable biomarkers could provide prognostic information on disease progression as well as assist in predicting a patient's response to therapy. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the soluble and anatomical biomarkers associated with DR.

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