Fine Structural Aspects on the Web Glue Production in the Golden Orb-web Spider

Overview

Journal Anim Cells Syst (Seoul)

Specialty Biology

Date 2023 Feb 3

PMID 36733495

Authors

Yan Sun

Seung-Min Lee

Bon-Jin Ku

Myung-Jin Moon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The water-soluble glue substance of the capture threads in is solely produced from two pairs of aggregate silk glands. During the web glue production, secretory vesicles were synthesized via the extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum of epithelial cells. Unlike the clearly described fibrous web production in spiders, the process of aqueous web glue production appears to involve either a condensing or a packaging step by the Golgi complex. In particular, the fine structure of secretory vesicles varies from cell to cell and may represent the secretory cycle. The electron-dense multivesicular bodies were clearly visible as discrete droplets, and the mature secretory product in the glandular epithelium appeared as a spherical vacuole grown by fusion with surrounding small vesicles. Our fine structural observation reveals that the secretion occurs when the release of secreted material involves the loss of part of the cytoplasm. The bleb along the luminal surface of the secretory cells and membrane-bound extracellular vesicles which pinched off from the cell suggests that the secretory product is released by the mechanism of apocrine secretion.

Citing Articles

Silk Protein Gene Engineering and Its Applications: Recent Advances in Biomedicine Driven by Molecular Biotechnology.

Ji X, Li Y, Wang J, Wang G, Ma B, Shi J Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025; 19:599-626.

PMID: 39881670 PMC: 11776523. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S504783.

Molecular and Proteomic Analyses of Effects of Cadmium Exposure on the Silk Glands of .

Song Z, Song Z, Liu W, Lyu B Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(2).

PMID: 39859468 PMC: 11765807. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26020754.

Influence of Spider Silk Protein Structure on Mechanical and Biological Properties for Energetic Material Detection.

Peng X, Liu Z, Gao J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li C Molecules. 2024; 29(5).

PMID: 38474537 PMC: 10934110. DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051025.

Microstructure of the silk fibroin-based hydrogel scaffolds derived from the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata.

Sun Y, Ku B, Moon M Appl Microsc. 2024; 54(1):3.

PMID: 38336879 PMC: 10858014. DOI: 10.1186/s42649-024-00096-x.

Fine structural characteristics of the chorionic microspheres on the egg surface of the orb web spider Trichonephila clavata.

Lee S, Moon M Appl Microsc. 2023; 53(1):6.

PMID: 37460760 PMC: 10352188. DOI: 10.1186/s42649-023-00087-4.

References

Redman C, Siekevitz P, Palade G . Synthesis and transfer of amylase in pigeon pancreatic micromosomes. J Biol Chem. 1966; 241(5):1150-8. View

Moon M, Tillinghast E . Molt-related changes in the major ampullate silk gland of the barn spider . Anim Cells Syst (Seoul). 2020; 24(5):299-310. PMC: 7646564. DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1837950. View

Gesase A, Satoh Y . Apocrine secretory mechanism: recent findings and unresolved problems. Histol Histopathol. 2003; 18(2):597-608. DOI: 10.14670/HH-18.597. View

Sun Y, Lee S, Ku B, Moon M . Fine structure of the intercalated disc and cardiac junctions in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans. Appl Microsc. 2021; 50(1):20. PMC: 7818339. DOI: 10.1186/s42649-020-00040-9. View

Park K, Ju S, Kim N, Park S . The Golgi complex: a hub of the secretory pathway. BMB Rep. 2021; 54(5):246-252. PMC: 8167249. View

Opell B, Karinshak S, Sigler M . Humidity affects the extensibility of an orb-weaving spider's viscous thread droplets. J Exp Biol. 2011; 214(Pt 17):2988-93. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.055996. View

Opell B, Hendricks M . The role of granules within viscous capture threads of orb-weaving spiders. J Exp Biol. 2009; 213(2):339-46. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.036947. View

Hormiga G, Griswold C . Systematics, phylogeny, and evolution of orb-weaving spiders. Annu Rev Entomol. 2013; 59:487-512. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162046. View

Farkas R, datkova Z, Mentelova L, Low P, Benova-Liszekova D, Beno M . Apocrine secretion in Drosophila salivary glands: subcellular origin, dynamics, and identification of secretory proteins. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e94383. PMC: 3986406. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094383. View

10.

Kuntner M, Hamilton C, Cheng R, Gregoric M, Lupse N, Lokovsek T . Golden Orbweavers Ignore Biological Rules: Phylogenomic and Comparative Analyses Unravel a Complex Evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism. Syst Biol. 2018; 68(4):555-572. PMC: 6568015. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syy082. View

11.

Sasaki S, Nakajima E, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Tashiro Y . Intracellular transport and secretion of fibroin in the posterior silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Cell Sci. 1981; 50:19-44. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.50.1.19. View

12.

Spielman A, Sunavala G, Harmony J, Stuart W, Leyden J, Turner G . Identification and immunohistochemical localization of protein precursors to human axillary odors in apocrine glands and secretions. Arch Dermatol. 1998; 134(7):813-8. DOI: 10.1001/archderm.134.7.813. View

13.

Bell A, Peakall D . Changes in fine structure during silk protein production in the ampullate gland of the spider Araneus sericatus. J Cell Biol. 1969; 42(1):284-95. PMC: 2107560. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.42.1.284. View

14.

KUROSUMI K, Kawabata I . Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the human ceruminous apocrine gland. I. Secretory glandular cells. Arch Histol Jpn. 1976; 39(4):207-29. DOI: 10.1679/aohc1950.39.207. View

15.

Locke M, Huie P . The beads in the Golgi complex-endoplasmic reticulum region. J Cell Biol. 1976; 70(2 pt 1):384-94. PMC: 2109831. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.70.2.384. View

16.

Schneider M, Paus R . Sebocytes, multifaceted epithelial cells: lipid production and holocrine secretion. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009; 42(2):181-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.11.017. View

17.

Romer L, Scheibel T . The elaborate structure of spider silk: structure and function of a natural high performance fiber. Prion. 2009; 2(4):154-61. PMC: 2658765. DOI: 10.4161/pri.2.4.7490. View

18.

Caro L, Palade G . PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND DISCHARGE IN THE PANCREATIC EXOCRINE CELL. AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY. J Cell Biol. 1964; 20:473-95. PMC: 2106415. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.20.3.473. View

19.

Moon M . Fine structure of the aggregate silk nodules in the orb-web spider . Anim Cells Syst (Seoul). 2018; 22(6):421-428. PMC: 6282475. DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1546227. View

20.

Siekevitz P, Palade G . A cytochemical study on the pancreas of the guinea pig. 5. In vivo incorporation of leucine-1-C14 into the chymotrypsinogen of various cell fractions. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1960; 7:619-30. PMC: 2224887. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.7.4.619. View