Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Childhood-adolescent-onset Type 1 Diabetes and Adult-onset Type 1 Diabetes Among Asian Indians

Overview

Journal Acta Diabetol

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2023 Jan 26

PMID 36700996

Authors

Viswanathan Mohan

Ganesan Uma Sankari

Anandakumar Amutha

Ranjit Mohan Anjana

Saravanan Jeba Rani

Ranjit Unnikrishnan

Ulagamathesan Venkatesan

Coimbatore Subramanian Shanthi Rani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: To compare the clinical and biochemical profile and prevalence of complications among childhood/adolescent-onset (CAO; onset of diabetes< 20 years of age) and adult-onset (AO; onset of diabetes- ≥ 20 years of age) type 1 diabetes (T1D), seen at a tertiary care diabetes center in south India.

Method: Data of 5578 individuals with T1D, diagnosed based on a history of diabetic ketoacidosis or ketonuria, fasting C-peptide < 0.3 pmol/mL and stimulated C-peptide values < 0.6 pmol/mL, and requirement of insulin right from the time of diagnosis, presenting to our center between 1991 and 2021, were retrieved from our electronic medical records. Retinopathy was assessed by retinal photography, chronic kidney disease (CKD) by urinary albumin excretion ≥ 30 µg/mg of creatinine and/or eGFR < 60 mL/min, and neuropathy by vibration perception threshold >= 20v on biothesiometry.

Results: Overall, 3559 (63.8%) of individuals with T1D, belonged to CAO group and 2019 (36.2%) to AO category. AO had higher prevalence of all microvascular complications compared to CAO at every diabetes duration interval, even after adjusting for A1c. Among the AO group, prevalence of retinopathy, CKD, and neuropathy was higher in the GAD negative group. Among CAO there were no differences between the GAD negative and GAD positive groups with respect to prevalence of complications of diabetes.

Conclusion: AO with T1D had higher prevalence of microvascular complications compared to CAO. Among AO, GAD negative individuals had higher percentage of retinopathy and CKD compared to GAD positive group.

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