Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab Biosimilar Compared with Reference Bevacizumab in Locally Advanced and Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study

Background: Bevacizumab has played an important role in the systemic treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without gene mutation. In recent years, bevacizumab biosimilar has received marketing approval based on the results of phase III clinical studies. However, more clinical data are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab biosimilar in clinical application.

Materials And Methods: We identified 946 patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who were treated with bevacizumab biosimilar or bevacizumab from January 1, 2019 to November 30, 2021. Comparisons and statistical analyses of bevacizumab biosimilar and bevacizumab were made in terms of efficacy and safety. Efficacy evaluation was performed directly in accordance with RECIST v1.1. Adverse events were graded following the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0.

Results: The objective response rates (ORRs) were 28.9% in the biosimilar group (n=551) and 30.9% in the reference group (n=395; unstratified ORR risk ratio: 0.934, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.677-1.138; unstratified ORR risk difference: -0.020, 95% CI: -0.118-0.035). The estimated median progression-free survival (mPFS) were 6.27 (95% CI: 5.53-7.01) and 4.93 (95% CI: 4.24-5.62) months in the biosimilar and reference groups, respectively (=0.296). The number of treatment lines, combined treatment regimens and with or without radiotherapy were significant factors affecting the PFS of both groups (<0.001, =0.001, =0.039). Different genetic mutations and dose intensity were not the main factors affecting PFS (=0.627, =0.946). The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were 76.41% in the biosimilar group and 71.65% in the reference group (=0.098). The incidences of grade 3 or higher TEAEs were 22.14% and 19.49% in the biosimilar and reference groups, respectively (=0.324).

Conclusions: Bevacizumab biosimilar is equivalent in efficacy to bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced and advanced NSCLC. It showed acceptable toxicity profile and no new adverse events. Patients who were excluded by clinical trials can also benefit from bevacizumab biosimilar.