Successful Treatment of Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Child with Compound Heterozygous Mutation in the Gene

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a multisystemic neurodegenerative inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by DNA repair defect, chromosomal instability, and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. Impaired DNA double-strand break repair determines a high risk of developing hematological malignancies, especially lymphoproliferative diseases. Poor response to treatment, excessive chemotherapy toxicities, and the need for avoiding exposure to ionizing radiation make the successful clinical management of patients with AT challenging for oncologists. We describe the favorable outcome of the LBCL with rearrangement at stage III in a 7-year-old female patient diagnosed with AT. The patient was treated according to the B-HR arm of the INTER-B-NHL-COP 2010 protocol, including the administration of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, prednisone, etc. She presented excessive treatment toxicities despite individually reduced doses of methotrexate and cyclophosphamide. However, in the MRI there was no significant reduction in pathologic lymph nodes after three immunochemotherapy courses. Therefore, a lymph node biopsy was taken. Its subsequent histopathological examination revealed tuberculosis-like changes, though tuberculosis suspicion was excluded. After two following immunochemotherapy courses, PET-CT confirmed complete remission. From March 2022 onwards, the patient has remained in remission under the care of the outpatient children's oncology clinic.