In Vitro Propagation of Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Using Apical Shoot Segments and Phytochemical Assessments of the Maternal and Regenerated Plants

Overview

Journal BMC Plant Biol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Biology

Date 2023 Jan 15

PMID 36642714

Authors

Roggers Gang

Richard Komakech

Yuseong Chung

Denis Okello

Wook Jin Kim

Byeong Cheol Moon

Nam-Hui Yim

Youngmin Kang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China, Korea, and Japan to treat many diseases including poor gastrointestinal function, low immunity, gastric ulcers, and chronic gastritis. The increasing therapeutic and preventive use of C. pilosula has subsequently led to depletion of the natural populations of this species thus necessitating propagation of this important medicinal plant. Here, we developed an efficient and effective in vitro propagation protocol for C. pilosula using apical shoot segments. We tested various plant tissue culture media for the growth of C. pilosula and evaluated the effects of plant growth regulators on the shoot proliferation and rooting of regenerated C. pilosula plants. Furthermore, the tissues (roots and shoots) of maternal and in vitro-regenerated C. pilosula plants were subjected to Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometry, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their total flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity were determined and compared.

Results: Full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with vitamins and benzylaminopurine (1.5 mg·L) regenerated the highest shoot number (12 ± 0.46) per explant. MS medium augmented with indole-3-acetic acid (1.0 mg·L) produced the highest root number (9 ± 0.89) and maximum root length (20.88 ± 1.48 mm) from regenerated C. pilosula shoots. The survival rate of in vitro-regenerated C. pilosula plants was 94.00% after acclimatization. The maternal and in vitro-regenerated C. pilosula plant tissues showed similar FT-NIR spectra, total phenolics, total flavonoids, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) test confirmed the genetic fidelity of regenerated C. pilosula plants.

Conclusions: The proposed in vitro propagation protocol may be useful for the rapid mass multiplication and production of high quality C. pilosula as well as for germplasm preservation to ensure sustainable supply amidst the ever-increasing demand.

Citing Articles

Phenolic Acid and Flavonoid Content Analysis with Antioxidant Activity Assessment in Chinese Honey.

Qi N, Zhao W, Xue C, Zhang L, Hu H, Jin Y Molecules. 2025; 30(2).

PMID: 39860240 PMC: 11767644. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30020370.

Comparative transcriptomic and hormonal analyses reveal potential regulation networks of adventitious root formation in Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng.

Xiong Y, Chen X, Liu J, Li Y, Bian Z, Zhang X BMC Genomics. 2024; 25(1):1098.

PMID: 39558286 PMC: 11572361. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10989-6.

Establishment of callus induction and plantlet regeneration systems of Peucedanum Praeruptorum dunn based on the tissue culture method.

Pan H, Liao R, Zhang Y, Arif M, Zhang Y, Zhang S Plant Methods. 2024; 20(1):174.

PMID: 39548586 PMC: 11568572. DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01300-5.

Integrated widely targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed quality disparities between Guizhou and conventional producing areas of Codonopsis Radix.

Zhang K, Zhang D, Yang Q, Long L, Xie J, Wang Y Front Nutr. 2023; 10:1271817.

PMID: 37915621 PMC: 10616484. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1271817.

References

Yang C, Gou Y, Chen J, An J, Chen W, Hu F . Structural characterization and antitumor activity of a pectic polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula. Carbohydr Polym. 2013; 98(1):886-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.079. View

Yoon M, Jeong T, Park D, Xu M, Oh H, Song K . Antioxidant effects of quinoline alkaloids and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol isolated from Scolopendra subspinipes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006; 29(4):735-9. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.735. View

Gao S, Liu J, Wang M, Cao T, Qi Y, Zhang B . Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018; 219:50-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.039. View

Sultana K, Sumanta Das , Chandra I, Roy A . Efficient micropropagation of Thunbergia coccinea Wall. and genetic homogeneity assessment through RAPD and ISSR markers. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):1683. PMC: 8803877. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05787-7. View

Kirchler C, Pezzei C, Bec K, Mayr S, Ishigaki M, Ozaki Y . Critical evaluation of spectral information of benchtop vs. portable near-infrared spectrometers: quantum chemistry and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy for a better understanding of PLS regression models of the rosmarinic acid content in.... Analyst. 2016; 142(3):455-464. DOI: 10.1039/c6an02439d. View

Fu Y, Feng B, Zhu Z, Feng X, Chen S, Li L . The Polysaccharides from Modulates the Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota of Cyclophosphamide-Treated Immunosuppressed Mice. Molecules. 2018; 23(7). PMC: 6100181. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071801. View

Liu C, Chen J, Li E, Fan Q, Wang D, Li P . The comparison of antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CP) and sulfated CP. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014; 24(2):299-305. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.023. View

Pavlov A, Ilieva M, Panchev I . Nutrient medium optimization for rosmarinic acid production by Lavandula vera MM cell suspension. Biotechnol Prog. 2000; 16(4):668-70. DOI: 10.1021/bp000041z. View

Velasquez S, Barbez E, Kleine-Vehn J, Estevez J . Auxin and Cellular Elongation. Plant Physiol. 2016; 170(3):1206-15. PMC: 4775141. DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01863. View

10.

Rencoret J, Gutierrez A, Nieto L, Jimenez-Barbero J, Faulds C, Kim H . Lignin composition and structure in young versus adult Eucalyptus globulus plants. Plant Physiol. 2010; 155(2):667-82. PMC: 3032458. DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.167254. View

11.

Jiang Y, Liu Y, Guo Q, Xu C, Zhu C, Shi J . Sesquiterpene glycosides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016; 6(1):46-54. PMC: 4724660. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.09.007. View

12.

Xin T, Zhang F, Jiang Q, Chen C, Huang D, Li Y . The inhibitory effect of a polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula on tumor growth and metastasis in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol. 2012; 51(5):788-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.019. View

13.

Guo W, Wu R, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang H, Gong L . Tissue culture-induced locus-specific alteration in DNA methylation and its correlation with genetic variation in Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. Plant Cell Rep. 2007; 26(8):1297-307. DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0320-0. View

14.

Okello D, Chung Y, Kim H, Lee J, Rahmat E, Komakech R . Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenolic Content, and FT-NIR Analysis of Different Medicinal Plant Tissues. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021; 2021:9917810. PMC: 8457935. DOI: 10.1155/2021/9917810. View

15.

Li J, Zhang X, Cao L, Ji J, Gao J . Three Inulin-Type Fructans from Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Roots and Their Prebiotic Activity on Bifidobacterium longum. Molecules. 2018; 23(12). PMC: 6320984. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123123. View

16.

Wang C, Tang L, Li L, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li J . Geographic Authentication of Leaves Using Multivariate Analysis and Preliminary Study on the Compositional Response to Environment. Front Plant Sci. 2020; 11:79. PMC: 7042207. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00079. View

17.

Zou Y, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Inngjerdingen K, Paulsen B, Feng B . A Polysaccharide Isolated from with Immunomodulation Effects Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules. 2019; 24(20). PMC: 6832355. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203632. View

18.

Shenoy V, Vasil I . Biochemical and molecular analysis of plants derived from embryogenic tissue cultures of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum K. Schum). Theor Appl Genet. 2013; 83(8):947-55. DOI: 10.1007/BF00232955. View

19.

Choi S, Kim J, Kim H, Harris K, Kim C, Park G . 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol from sweet potato protects against oxidative stress in PC12 cells and in mice. J Med Food. 2013; 16(11):977-83. PMC: 3833388. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2739. View

20.

Li J, Wang T, Zhu Z, Yang F, Cao L, Gao J . Structure Features and Anti-Gastric Ulcer Effects of Inulin-Type Fructan CP-A from the Roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Molecules. 2017; 22(12). PMC: 6149740. DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122258. View