An Explorative Review on Advanced Approaches to Overcome Bacterial Resistance by Curbing Bacterial Biofilm Formation

Overview

Journal Infect Drug Resist

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Date 2023 Jan 13

PMID 36636380

Authors

F Mohamad

Raghad R Alzahrani

Ahlam Alsaadi

Bahauddeen M Alrfaei

Alaa Eldeen B Yassin

Manal M Alkhulaifi

Majed Halwani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens evoked the development of innovative approaches targeting virulence factors unique to their pathogenic cascade. These approaches aimed to explore anti-virulence or anti-infective therapies. There are evident concerns regarding the bacterial ability to create a superstructure, the biofilm. Biofilm formation is a crucial virulence factor causing difficult-to-treat, localized, and systemic infections. The microenvironments of bacterial biofilm reduce the efficacy of antibiotics and evade the host's immunity. Producing a biofilm is not limited to a specific group of bacteria; however, , and biofilms are exemplary models. This review discusses biofilm formation as a virulence factor and the link to antimicrobial resistance. In addition, it explores insights into innovative multi-targeted approaches and their physiological mechanisms to combat biofilms, including natural compounds, phages, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), CRISPR-Cas gene editing, and nano-mediated techniques.

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