Efficacy of a Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Candidate Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O and A

Overview

Journal Vaccines (Basel)

Date 2022 Dec 23

PMID 36560591

Authors

W A Gayan Chathuranga

Chamith Hewawaduge

N A Nadeeka Nethmini

Tae-Hwan Kim

Ju Hun Kim

Young-Hoon Ahn

In-Joong Yoon

Sung-Sik Yoo

Jong-Hyeon Park

Jong-Soo Lee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease in cloven-hoofed animals. To prevent the spread of FMD virus (FMDV), traditional inactivated vaccines are used to immunize susceptible animals in disease-endemic countries. However, the inactivated FMD vaccine has several limitations, including safety concerns. To overcome these limitations, subunit proteins have been studied as alternative vaccine candidates. In this study, we designed two multiepitope recombinant proteins (OVM and AVM) containing antigenic sites (residue of VP1 132-162 and residue of VP1 192-212) of three topotypes of FMDV serotype O or three topotypes of FMDV serotype A. Each recombinant protein was efficiently expressed in with high solubility, and the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the proteins as FMD vaccine candidates were evaluated. The results showed that OVM and AVM emulsified with ISA201 adjuvant induced effective antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and successfully protected mice from O/Jincheon/SKR/2014, O/VET/2013, and A/Malaysia/97 viruses. In addition, intramuscular immunization of pigs with the OVM and AVM emulsified with ISA201 elicited effective levels of neutralizing antibodies to the viruses with homologous epitopes. Importantly, OVM-AVM emulsified with CAvantSOE-X adjuvant conferred 100% protection against the O/Jincheon/SKR/2014 virus with homologous residues and 75% protection against A/SKR/GP/2018 with heterologous residues. The results presented in this study suggest that the combination of OVM and AVM protein with an effective adjuvant could yield an effective and safe vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease. In addition, our results provide a vaccine platform that can safely, cost-efficiently, and rapidly generate protective vaccine candidates against diverse FMDVs.

Citing Articles

A novel immunoinformatic approach for design and evaluation of heptavalent multiepitope foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine.

Zaher M, El-Husseiny M, Hagag N, El-Amir A, El Zowalaty M, Tammam R BMC Vet Res. 2025; 21(1):152.

PMID: 40055785 PMC: 11887215. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-025-04509-1.

Protein Expression Platforms and the Challenges of Viral Antigen Production.

Sookhoo J, Schiffman Z, Ambagala A, Kobasa D, Pardee K, Babiuk S Vaccines (Basel). 2025; 12(12.

PMID: 39772006 PMC: 11680109. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12121344.

Virulence and Immune Evasion Strategies of FMDV: Implications for Vaccine Design.

Medina G, Diaz San Segundo F Vaccines (Basel). 2024; 12(9).

PMID: 39340101 PMC: 11436118. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091071.

analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe e as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease.

Mochamad L, Malarvili S, Jasmine K, Lim V F1000Res. 2024; 12:1214.

PMID: 38962299 PMC: 11220444. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133489.2.

Immunoinformatics for Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Development in Canine Parvovirus Infections.

Paul B, Alam J, Hossain M, Hoque S, Bappy M, Akter H Biomedicines. 2023; 11(8).

PMID: 37626677 PMC: 10452229. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082180.

References

Fry E, Newman J, Curry S, Najjam S, Jackson T, Blakemore W . Structure of Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A10 61 alone and complexed with oligosaccharide receptor: receptor conservation in the face of antigenic variation. J Gen Virol. 2005; 86(Pt 7):1909-1920. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80730-0. View

Lee H, Piao D, Lee J, Choi J, Bok J, Cho C . Artificially designed recombinant protein composed of multiple epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus as a vaccine candidate. Microb Cell Fact. 2017; 16(1):33. PMC: 5322615. DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0648-2. View

Cao Y, Li K, Xing X, Bao H, Huang N, Zhu G . Selection of Vaccine Candidate for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Using a Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Vaccines (Basel). 2021; 9(4). PMC: 8071201. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040387. View

London C, Abbas A, Kelso A . Helper T cell subsets: heterogeneity, functions and development. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1998; 63(1-2):37-44. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00080-4. View

Lei Y, Shao J, Ma F, Lei C, Chang H, Zhang Y . Enhanced efficacy of a multi-epitope vaccine for type A and O foot‑and-mouth disease virus by fusing multiple epitopes with Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA), a novel TLR4 agonist. Mol Immunol. 2020; 121:118-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.018. View

Tompkins S, Zhao Z, Lo C, Misplon J, Liu T, Ye Z . Matrix protein 2 vaccination and protection against influenza viruses, including subtype H5N1. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007; 13(3):426-35. PMC: 2725899. DOI: 10.3201/eid1303.061125. View

Taboga O, Tami C, Carrillo E, Nunez J, Rodriguez A, Saiz J . A large-scale evaluation of peptide vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease: lack of solid protection in cattle and isolation of escape mutants. J Virol. 1997; 71(4):2606-14. PMC: 191381. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.4.2606-2614.1997. View

Quan F, Vunnava A, Compans R, Kang S . Virus-like particle vaccine protects against 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus in mice. PLoS One. 2010; 5(2):e9161. PMC: 2820088. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009161. View

Ruoslahti E . RGD and other recognition sequences for integrins. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1996; 12:697-715. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.697. View

10.

Gnazzo V, Quattrocchi V, Soria I, Pereyra E, Langellotti C, Pedemonte A . Mouse model as an efficacy test for foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020; 67(6):2507-2520. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13591. View

11.

McCahon D, Crowther J, Belsham G, Kitson J, Duchesne M, Have P . Evidence for at least four antigenic sites on type O foot-and-mouth disease virus involved in neutralization; identification by single and multiple site monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants. J Gen Virol. 1989; 70 ( Pt 3):639-45. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-3-639. View

12.

Alam S, Amin R, Rahman M, Hossain M, Sultana M . Antigenic heterogeneity of capsid protein VP1 in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia 1. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem. 2013; 6:37-46. PMC: 3751384. DOI: 10.2147/AABC.S49587. View

13.

Lee S, Ko M, Lee K, Choi J, You S, Pyo H . Application of mouse model for effective evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Vaccine. 2016; 34(33):3731-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.008. View

14.

Fry E, Lea S, Jackson T, Newman J, Ellard F, Blakemore W . The structure and function of a foot-and-mouth disease virus-oligosaccharide receptor complex. EMBO J. 1999; 18(3):543-54. PMC: 1171147. DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.3.543. View

15.

Fang M, Wang H, Tang T, Zhao P, Du J, Guo S . Single immunization with a recombinant multiple-epitope protein induced protection against FMDV type Asia 1 in cattle. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 28(2):960-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.017. View

16.

Knowles N, He J, Shang Y, Wadsworth J, Valdazo-Gonzalez B, Onosato H . Southeast Asian foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Eastern Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012; 18(3):499-501. PMC: 3309575. DOI: 10.3201/eid1803.110908. View

17.

Moon H, Lee J, Talactac M, Chowdhury M, Kim J, Park M . Mucosal immunization with recombinant influenza hemagglutinin protein and poly gamma-glutamate/chitosan nanoparticles induces protection against highly pathogenic influenza A virus. Vet Microbiol. 2012; 160(3-4):277-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.035. View

18.

Wang G, Wang Y, Shang Y, Zhang Z, Liu X . How foot-and-mouth disease virus receptor mediates foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. Virol J. 2015; 12:9. PMC: 4322448. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0246-z. View

19.

Jegerlehner A, Schmitz N, Storni T, Bachmann M . Influenza A vaccine based on the extracellular domain of M2: weak protection mediated via antibody-dependent NK cell activity. J Immunol. 2004; 172(9):5598-605. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5598. View

20.

Cloete M, Dungu B, Van Staden L, Ismail-Cassim N, Vosloo W . Evaluation of different adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing all the SAT serotypes. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2008; 75(1):17-31. DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v75i1.84. View