Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review

Overview

Journal Molecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2022 Dec 23

PMID 36558154

Authors

Joy Udensi

James Loughman

Ekaterina Loskutova

Hugh J Byrne

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus is drawn to applications in nutritional analysis, optometry and serology, based on in vitro and ex vivo measurements in skin, retina and blood, and progress towards establishing the technique in a clinical environment, as well as challenges and future perspectives, are explored.

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