Seroprevalence of Maternal Peripartum Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Nigerian Literature

Overview

Journal Clin Exp Pediatr

Specialty Pediatrics

Date 2022 Dec 23

PMID 36550773

Authors

Abdulrasheed Usman

Muhammad Hamis Musa

Bukhari Isah Shuaib

Olayemi Balogun

Mukhtar Adeiza

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The peripartum period is both a highly vulnerable stage and a significant indicator of a population's health status. Interest is increasing in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) transmission due to its adverse health impacts. However, nationally representative data on HTLV-1 that are important for health planning are unavailable for this subpopulation.

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a pooled estimate of HTLV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria to quantify its clinical burden and public health implications.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 statement.

Results: After a systematic review of the Nigerian literature, 12 studies (2,821 pregnant or postnatal women) were included in the final evidence synthesis. The estimated HTLV-1 prevalence in Nigerian peripartum women following a positive screening test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 5.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.16%-9.20%). A subgroup analysis of the 2 major regions showed a slightly higher prevalence in the Western versus Southern region (5.55% [95% CI, 2.49%-11.87%]; and 4.91% [95% CI, 2.11%-11.02%]; P=0.84). However, a subgroup analysis by geopolitical zone revealed that Southwestern and Northwestern Nigeria had the highest prevalence (9.23% [95% CI, 4.35%-18.55%; I2=93%] and 7.15% [95% CI, 1.54%-27.54%]; I2=92%). Our decade-old subgroup analysis found inconsistencies in the HTLV-1 prevalence. Furthermore, our literature review revealed a prevalence of HTLV infection among patients with various clinical types of lymphomas/leukemias and myelopathy of 2%-22%.

Conclusion: These findings have important implications in defining the epidemiological patterns of HTLV-1 infection in Nigeria. They also suggest the presence of HTLV-endemic clusters near low-endemic areas, even within the same geopolitical zones.

References

Percher F, Jeannin P, Martin-Latil S, Gessain A, Afonso P, Vidy-Roche A . Mother-to-Child Transmission of HTLV-1 Epidemiological Aspects, Mechanisms and Determinants of Mother-to-Child Transmission. Viruses. 2016; 8(2). PMC: 4776195. DOI: 10.3390/v8020040. View

Anyanwu N, Ella E, Aminu M, Azam M, Ajmal M, Kazeem H . Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 in Nigeria's capital territory and meta-analysis of Nigerian studies. SAGE Open Med. 2019; 7:2050312119843706. PMC: 6469272. DOI: 10.1177/2050312119843706. View

Udeze A, Odebisi-Omokanye M, Faneye A, Olusola B, Ogunsemowo O, Iwuoha C . Serological detection of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II among pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2018; 39(4):428-438. DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1500374. View

Sterne J, Hernan M, Reeves B, Savovic J, Berkman N, Viswanathan M . ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016; 355:i4919. PMC: 5062054. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i4919. View

Bittencourt A . Vertical transmission of HTLV-I/II: a review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1999; 40(4):245-51. DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651998000400008. View

Olaleye D, Omotade O, Sheng Z, Adeyemo A, Odaibo G . Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II infections in mother-child pairs in Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr. 1999; 45(2):66-70. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/45.2.66. View

Itabashi K, Miyazawa T, Sekizawa A, Tokita A, Saito S, Moriuchi H . A Nationwide Antenatal Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Antibody Screening in Japan. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:595. PMC: 7160230. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00595. View

Boostani R, Sadeghi R, Sabouri A, Ghabeli-Juibary A . Human T-lymphotropic virus type I and breastfeeding; systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Iran J Neurol. 2019; 17(4):174-179. PMC: 6555888. View

Ngoma A, Omokoko M, Mutombo P, Mvika E, Muwonga J, Nollet K . Population-based prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Int Health. 2019; 24(11):1277-1290. DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13305. View

10.

Martin F, Taylor G, Jacobson S . Inflammatory manifestations of HTLV-1 and their therapeutic options. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2014; 10(11):1531-46. DOI: 10.1586/1744666X.2014.966690. View

11.

Gbadebo B, Salawu A, Afolabi R, Salawu M, Fagbamigbe A, Adebowale A . Cohort analysis of the state of female genital cutting in Nigeria: prevalence, daughter circumcision and attitude towards its discontinuation. BMC Womens Health. 2021; 21(1):182. PMC: 8082669. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01324-2. View

12.

Ramos-Rincon J, Ortiz-Martinez S, Vasquez-Chasnamote M, De-Miguel-Balsa E, Gamboa-Paredes O, Talledo-Albujar M . Screening for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in Pregnant Women in the Peruvian Amazon and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of HTLV Infection in Peru. Pathogens. 2021; 10(3). PMC: 7996293. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030260. View

13.

Tanaka G, Okayama A, Watanabe T, Aizawa S, Stuver S, Mueller N . The clonal expansion of human T lymphotropic virus type 1-infected T cells: a comparison between seroconverters and long-term carriers. J Infect Dis. 2005; 191(7):1140-7. DOI: 10.1086/428625. View

14.

Page M, McKenzie J, Bossuyt P, Boutron I, Hoffmann T, Mulrow C . The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372:n71. PMC: 8005924. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71. View

15.

Hananiya H, Ella E, Aminu M, Anyanwu N . Prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus and the socio-demographic and risk factors associated with the infection among post-natal clinics women in Zaria, Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2019; 40(5):485-494. DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1636817. View

16.

Gessain A, Cassar O . Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection. Front Microbiol. 2012; 3:388. PMC: 3498738. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00388. View

17.

Akinbami A, Durojaiye I, Dosunmu A, John-Olabode S, Adediran A, Oshinaike O . Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus antibodies among patients with lymphoid malignancies at a tertiary center in Lagos, Nigeria. J Blood Med. 2014; 5:169-74. PMC: 4161527. DOI: 10.2147/JBM.S67912. View

18.

Hoy D, Brooks P, Woolf A, Blyth F, March L, Bain C . Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012; 65(9):934-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014. View

19.

Carneiro-Proietti A, Amaranto-Damasio M, Leal-Horiguchi C, Bastos R, Seabra-Freitas G, Borowiak D . Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses-1/2: What We Know, and What Are the Gaps in Understanding and Preventing This Route of Infection. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2014; 3 Suppl 1:S24-9. PMC: 4164183. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu070. View

20.

Williams C, Dada A, Blattner W . Some epidemiological features of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and ATL in Nigerians. Leukemia. 1994; 8 Suppl 1:S77-82. View