Plasma Markers of COVID-19 Severity: a Pilot Study

Overview

Journal Respir Res

Specialty Pulmonary Medicine

Date 2022 Dec 13

PMID 36514048

Authors

Julia Beimdiek

Sabina Janciauskiene

Sabine Wrenger

Sonja Volland

Adriana Rozy

Jan Fuge

Beata Olejnicka

Isabell Pink

Thomas Illig

Alexander Popov

Joanna Chorostowska

Falk F R Buettner

Tobias Welte

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infected patients show heterogeneous clinical presentations ranging from mild symptoms to severe respiratory failure and death. Consequently, various markers reflect this wide spectrum of disease presentations.

Methods: Our pilot cohort included moderate (n = 10) and severe (n = 10) COVID-19 patients, and 10 healthy controls. We determined plasma levels of nine acute phase proteins (APPs) by nephelometry, and full-length (M65), caspase-cleaved (M30) cytokeratin 18, and ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type-1 motif 13) by ELISA. In addition, we examined whole plasma N-glycosylation by capillary gel electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection (CGE-LIF).

Results: When compared to controls, COVID-19 patients had significantly lower concentrations of ADAMTS13 and albumin (ALB) but higher M30, M65, α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), α1-antitrypsin (AAT), ceruloplasmin (CP), haptoglobin (HP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The concentrations of α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), α2-macroglobulin (A2MG) and serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins did not differ. We found significantly higher levels of AAT and M65 but lower ALB in severe compared to moderate COVID-19 patients. N-glycan analysis of the serum proteome revealed increased levels of oligomannose- and sialylated di-antennary glycans and decreased non-sialylated di-antennary glycan A2G2 in COVID-19 patients compared to controls.

Conclusions: COVID-19-associated changes in levels and N-glycosylation of specific plasma proteins highlight complexity of inflammatory process and grant further investigations.

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