Counter-regulatory Renin-angiotensin System in Hypertension: Review and Update in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic

Overview

Journal Biochem Pharmacol

Specialties Biochemistry
Pharmacology

Date 2022 Dec 8

PMID 36481346

Authors

Hongyin Chen

Jiangyun Peng

Tengyao Wang

Jielu Wen

Sifan Chen

Yu Huang

Yang Zhang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension being the most prevalent risk factor. Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) under pathological conditions, leading to vascular remodeling and inflammation, is closely related to cardiovascular dysfunction. The counter-regulatory axis of the RAS consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (1-7), angiotensin (1-9), alamandine, proto-oncogene Mas receptor, angiotensin II type-2 receptor and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D. Each of these components has been shown to counteract the effects of the overactivated RAS. In this review, we summarize the latest insights into the complexity and interplay of the counter-regulatory RAS axis in hypertension, highlight the pathophysiological functions of ACE2, a multifunctional molecule linking hypertension and COVID-19, and discuss the function and therapeutic potential of targeting this counter-regulatory RAS axis to prevent and treat hypertension in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

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