[Prevention of Drug-related Mortality After Release from Prison]

Overview

Journal Gesundheitswesen

Publisher Thieme

Specialty Public Health

Date 2022 Dec 8

PMID 36479685

Authors

Heino Stover

IngoIlja Michels

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The transition process of release from prisons into the community is associated with high risks for users of opioids. Especially in the first 10-14 days in freedom, the risk of drug-related overdoses is extremely high, in the worst case with lethal outcome. There are two main medical strategies for the target group: on the one hand, medication-assisted treatment before, during and after incarceration, and on the other hand, edcuation about and acccess to naloxone as an antidote in case of opioid-related overdose. This article gives an overview of current numbers of drug-related deaths after release from prison in Germany and of scientific knowledge regarding the efficacy of medication-assisted treatment and naloxone provision for opioid users at the interface of custody and freedom. Finally, necessary interventions to avoid drug-related overdose with lethal consequences are described. For this purpose, a selective literature review was carried out and 16 crime agencies in Germany were contacted.

Citing Articles

[Narcotic Use under Probation and Parole Supervision - A longitudinal Study of Risk-group-specific Recidivism under Abstinence Conditions].

Kappl U, Huppertz B, Stover H, Stich H Gesundheitswesen. 2023; 86(2):148-154.

PMID: 38128571 PMC: 10883006. DOI: 10.1055/a-2173-8063.

[Urine Screening for Narcotics under Court-Imposed Abstinence Requirements: Comparative Validity of Forensic-Toxicological Analyses with Involvement of Public Health Services].

Kappl U, Huppertz B, Stover H, Stich H Gesundheitswesen. 2023; 86(2):155-162.

PMID: 38081208 PMC: 10883001. DOI: 10.1055/a-2167-2177.

References

Malta M, Varatharajan T, Russell C, Pang M, Bonato S, Fischer B . Opioid-related treatment, interventions, and outcomes among incarcerated persons: A systematic review. PLoS Med. 2020; 16(12):e1003002. PMC: 6938347. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003002. View

Bird S, Fischbacher C, Graham L, Fraser A . Impact of opioid substitution therapy for Scotland's prisoners on drug-related deaths soon after prisoner release. Addiction. 2015; 110(10):1617-24. PMC: 4744745. DOI: 10.1111/add.12969. View

Keppler K, Stover H, Schulte B, Reimer J . [Prison health is public health! Problems in adapting and implementing health services for prisoners in Germany. A review]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010; 53(2):233-44. DOI: 10.1007/s00103-009-1023-1. View

Joudrey P, Khan M, Wang E, Scheidell J, Edelman E, McInnes D . A conceptual model for understanding post-release opioid-related overdose risk. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2019; 14(1):17. PMC: 6463640. DOI: 10.1186/s13722-019-0145-5. View

McDonald R, Strang J . Are take-home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria. Addiction. 2016; 111(7):1177-87. PMC: 5071734. DOI: 10.1111/add.13326. View

Farrell M, Marsden J . Acute risk of drug-related death among newly released prisoners in England and Wales. Addiction. 2008; 103(2):251-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02081.x. View

Ranapurwala S, Shanahan M, Alexandridis A, Proescholdbell S, Naumann R, Edwards Jr D . Opioid Overdose Mortality Among Former North Carolina Inmates: 2000-2015. Am J Public Health. 2018; 108(9):1207-1213. PMC: 6085027. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304514. View

Bukten A, Stavseth M, Skurtveit S, Tverdal A, Strang J, Clausen T . High risk of overdose death following release from prison: variations in mortality during a 15-year observation period. Addiction. 2017; 112(8):1432-1439. DOI: 10.1111/add.13803. View

Bird S, McAuley A, Perry S, Hunter C . Effectiveness of Scotland's national naloxone programme: response to letter to editor. Addiction. 2016; 111(7):1304-6. DOI: 10.1111/add.13391. View

10.

Binswanger I, Blatchford P, Mueller S, Stern M . Mortality after prison release: opioid overdose and other causes of death, risk factors, and time trends from 1999 to 2009. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159(9):592-600. PMC: 5242316. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-9-201311050-00005. View

11.

Weiss M, Geisselsoder K, Breuer M, Dechant M, Endres J, Stemmler M . [Treatment of Opioid-dependent Inmates - Attitudes and Treatment Practice of medical Staff in Bavarian Prisons]. Gesundheitswesen. 2021; 84(12):1107-1112. DOI: 10.1055/a-1399-9286. View

12.

Horsburgh K, McAuley A . Scotland's national naloxone program: The prison experience. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2017; 37(4):454-456. DOI: 10.1111/dar.12542. View

13.

Giglio R, Li G, DiMaggio C . Effectiveness of bystander naloxone administration and overdose education programs: a meta-analysis. Inj Epidemiol. 2016; 2(1):10. PMC: 5005759. DOI: 10.1186/s40621-015-0041-8. View

14.

Marsden J, Stillwell G, Jones H, Cooper A, Eastwood B, Farrell M . Does exposure to opioid substitution treatment in prison reduce the risk of death after release? A national prospective observational study in England. Addiction. 2017; 112(8):1408-1418. DOI: 10.1111/add.13779. View

15.

Degenhardt L, Larney S, Kimber J, Gisev N, Farrell M, Dobbins T . The impact of opioid substitution therapy on mortality post-release from prison: retrospective data linkage study. Addiction. 2014; 109(8):1306-17. DOI: 10.1111/add.12536. View

16.

Muller J, Saimeh N, Briken P, Eucker S, Hoffmann K, Koller M . [Standards for treatment in forensic committment according to § 63 and § 64 of the German criminal code : Interdisciplinary task force of the DGPPN]. Nervenarzt. 2017; 88(Suppl 1):1-29. DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0382-3. View