Analytical Study of , , , , and in Mexican Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Multicenter Study of the Mexican Interinstitutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukemia (MIGICCL)

Background: The distribution of , , , , and in the pediatric population with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in many countries of Latin America is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of these fusion genes in children with AML from Mexico City, which has one of the highest incidence rates of acute leukemia in the world. Additionally, we explored their impact in mortality during the first year of treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the presence of , , , , and by RT-PCR among 77 patients (<18 years) diagnosed with AML between 2019 and 2021 in nine Mexico City hospitals.

Results: The overall frequency of the fusion genes was 50.7%; (22.1%) and (20.8%) were the most prevalent, followed by (5.2%) and (2.4%). was not detected. Patients with showed the lowest survival with high early mortality events. However, more studies are required to evaluate the impact of analyzed fusion genes on the overall survival of the Mexican child population with AML.

Conclusion: The pediatric population of Mexico City with AML had frequencies of , , , and similar to those of other populations around the world. Patients with and were few or did not die, while those with was not detected. Although patients with had a low survival and a high early mortality rate, further studies are needed to determine the long-term impacts of these fusion genes on this Latino population.

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